Abstract:

Psychoanalysis teaches that the goal of mourning is for the bereaved eventually to be able to accept the death of a loved one. It may therefore come as a surprise that what religious Jews call Mourner’s Kaddish makes no reference whatsoever to death, the deceased, or the bereaved. Instead of having anything to do with the mourning process, this ancient prayer requires the bereaved to utter nothing but words of exaggerated praise for the “great name” of the “Holy One.” Psychoanalytically speaking, mourning is displaced because Yahweh needs narcissistic supplies. An “inability to mourn” plagues the history of the Jews–down to the present day. Well into the twentieth century this sort of thinking was maintained in American Reform Judaism’s editions of the Union Prayerbook, which encourages congregants to believe in an afterlife of the spiritual soul, which is, again a denial of the finality of death.

摘要：

精神分析认为，哀悼的目的是让死者最终能够接受亲人的去世。因此，宗教犹太人所说的哀悼者卡迪什根本没有提到死亡、死者或失去亲人的人，这可能会让人感到惊讶。这个古老的祈祷与哀悼过程没有任何关系，而是要求死者的亲人除了对“圣者”的“伟大名字”进行夸张的赞美之外，什么也不说。从精神分析的角度来说，哀悼被取代是因为耶和华需要自恋的供给。“无法哀悼”一直困扰着犹太人的历史——直到今天。进入二十世纪，这种思想一直保留在美国改革犹太教版本的《联合祈祷书》中，该书鼓励会众相信精神灵魂的来世，