Although the ergogenic effects of 3–6 mg/kg caffeine are widely accepted, the efficacy of low doses of caffeine has been discussed. However, it is unclear whether the ergogenic effects of caffeine on jump performance are dose responsive in a wide range of doses. This study aimed to examine the effect of very low (1 mg/kg) to moderate doses of caffeine, including commonly utilized ergogenic doses (i.e., 3 and 6 mg/kg), on vertical jump performance. A total of 32 well-trained collegiate sprinters and jumpers performed countermovement jumps and squat jumps three times each in a double-blind, counterbalanced, randomized, crossover design. Participants ingested a placebo or 1, 3, or 6 mg/kg caffeine 60 min before jumping. Compared with the placebo, 6 mg/kg caffeine significantly enhanced countermovement jump (p < .001) and squat jump (p = .012) heights; furthermore, 1 and 3 mg/kg of caffeine also significantly increased countermovement jump height (1 mg/kg: p = .002, 3 mg/kg: p < .001) but not squat jump height (1 mg/kg: p = .436, 3 mg/kg: p = .054). There were no significant differences among all caffeine doses in both jumps (all p > .05). In conclusion, even at a dose as low as 1 mg/kg, caffeine improved vertical jump performance in a dose-independent manner. This study provides new insight into the applicability and feasibility of 1 mg/kg caffeine as a safe and effective ergogenic strategy for jump performance.

尽管 3-6 毫克/千克咖啡因的增效作用已被广泛接受，但低剂量咖啡因的功效仍存在讨论。然而，尚不清楚咖啡因对跳跃表现的增效作用是否在大剂量范围内具有剂量反应性。本研究旨在探讨极低（1 毫克/公斤）至中等剂量的咖啡因（包括常用的增效剂量（即 3 和 6 毫克/公斤））对垂直跳跃表现的影响。总共 32 名训练有素的大学短跑运动员和跳高运动员在双盲、平衡、随机、交叉设计中进行了反向运动跳和深蹲跳各 3 次。参与者在跳跃前 60 分钟摄入安慰剂或 1、3 或 6 毫克/公斤咖啡因。与安慰剂相比，6 mg/kg 咖啡因显着增强反向运动跳跃 ( p  < .001) 和深蹲跳 ( p  = .012) 高度；此外，1 mg/kg 和 3 mg/kg 咖啡因还显着增加反向运动跳跃高度（1 mg/kg：p  = .002，3 mg/kg：p  < .001），但不会显着增加深蹲跳跃高度（1 mg/kg：p  = .436，3 毫克/千克：p  = .054）。两次跳跃中所有咖啡因剂量之间没有显着差异（所有p  > .05）。总之，即使剂量低至 1 毫克/千克，咖啡因也能以与剂量无关的方式改善垂直跳跃性能。这项研究为 1 毫克/千克咖啡因作为一种安全有效的跳跃表现强化策略的适用性和可行性提供了新的见解。