Coastal erosion is a natural process, that contributed to shaping the Nile Delta shoreline in Egypt over history. The objective of this research is to investigate shoreline changes, accretion, and erosion and to detect particularly vulnerable locations that require immediate attention. Another goal is to assess the efficiency of coastal installations that have been recently implemented along the study area and determine whether they have performed their role to the fullest or need additional modifications. Several Landsat images (TM, ETM+, and OLI) were utilized over 37 years to track the shoreline changes and were analysed using remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS). The digital shoreline analysis system (DSAS) was integrated with the LRR model for assessing historical changes for shorelines from 1985 to 2022 and forecasting future shoreline positions in 2030, 2050, and 2100. Most of the eight zones that make up the Delta region have lately seen the establishment of coastal projects, such as the development of the Abu Qir port's breakwater in 2021. From the results, it was found that the areas around Rosetta promontory, Burullus headland, and Damietta promontory experienced a significant and rapid retreat and with large rates over the study period, with average values of –15.7, –3.25, and –16.8 m/y, respectively. However, both the coast of Alexandria, and Gamasa embayment were subjected to accretion as a prevailing case, with average rates of 2.85, and 4.03 m/y, respectively. Many groins were installed in the east of the Rosetta promontory (zone 3) in 2016 to decrease the erosion process; however, it didn't pay off and could not solve the problem. In contrast, the groins system, which was implemented at the East Kitchener Drain (zone 5) in the same year, lowered erosion rates from 17.6 m/y from 2000 to 2010 to 7 m/y from 2010 to 2022. In 2019, Y-groins built in zone 7, east of Damietta Port, succeeded in slowing rates of erosion. Finally, inlet jetties at El-Gamil (zone 8) were constructed in 2016, resulting in the coastline advancing at 14.7 m/y on average in the period of 2010–2022. The findings of this study confirmed that hard structures are dangerous because they exacerbate the problem of shoreline erosion by disseminating it to the neighbouring beaches and acting as an impediment to the movement of longshore sediments. According to the expected future shoreline patterns, it is necessary for authorities to implement both short-term and long-term protective measures to stop the erosion of several areas of the beach.

海岸侵蚀是一个自然过程，在历史上影响了埃及尼罗河三角洲海岸线的形成。这项研究的目的是调查海岸线的变化、增生和侵蚀，并发现需要立即关注的特别脆弱的地点。另一个目标是评估最近在研究区域实施的沿海设施的效率，并确定它们是否充分发挥了作用或需要进行额外的修改。37 年来，我们利用多张陆地卫星图像（TM、ETM+ 和 OLI）来跟踪海岸线变化，并使用遥感 (RS) 和地理信息系统 (GIS) 进行分析。数字海岸线分析系统 (DSAS) 与 LRR 模型集成，用于评估 1985 年至 2022 年海岸线的历史变化，并预测 2030 年、2050 年和 2100 年的未来海岸线位置。构成三角洲地区的 8 个区域中的大多数最近已沿海项目的建立，如2021年阿布吉尔港防波堤的开发。从结果来看，罗塞塔海角、布鲁勒斯岬和达米埃塔海角周围地区经历了显着且快速的退缩，且退缩幅度较大。在研究期间，平均值分别为 –15.7、–3.25 和 –16.8 m/y。然而，亚历山大海岸和加马萨海湾都遭受了吸积作用，平均吸积率分别为 2.85 和 4.03 m/年。2016年，在罗塞塔海角东部（3区）安装了许多腹股沟，以减少侵蚀过程；然而，这并没有得到回报，也无法解决问题。相比之下，同年在东基奇纳排水沟（5区）实施的腹股沟系统将侵蚀率从2000年至2010年的17.6 m/年降低到2010年至2022年的7 m/年。2019年，Y -在达米埃塔港以东的第 7 区修建的腹股沟成功地减缓了侵蚀速度。最后，El-Gamil（第 8 区）的入口码头于 2016 年建成，导致 2010 年至 2022 年期间海岸线平均每年推进 14.7 m。这项研究的结果证实，硬质结构是危险的，因为它们会将海岸线侵蚀传播到邻近的海滩，并阻碍沿岸沉积物的移动，从而加剧海岸线侵蚀问题。根据预期的未来海岸线模式，当局有必要实施短期和长期保护措施，以阻止海滩多个区域的侵蚀。