Early B cell development in the bone marrow ensures the replenishment of the peripheral B cell pool. Immature B cells continuously develop from hematopoietic stem cells, in a process guided by an intricate network of transcription factors as well as chemokine and cytokine signals. Humans and mice possess somewhat similar regulatory mechanisms of B lymphopoiesis. The continuous discovery of monogenetic defects that impact early B cell development in humans substantiates the similarities and differences with B cell development in mice. These differences become relevant when targeted therapeutic approaches are used in patients; therefore, predicting potential immunological adverse events is crucial. In this review, we have provided a phenotypical classification of human and murine early progenitors and B cell stages, based on surface and intracellular protein expression. Further, we have critically compared the role of key transcription factors (Ikaros, E2A, EBF1, PAX5, and Aiolos) and chemo- or cytokine signals (FLT3, c-kit, IL-7R, and CXCR4) during homeostatic and aberrant B lymphopoiesis in both humans and mice.

骨髓中的早期 B 细胞发育可确保外周 B 细胞库的补充。未成熟 B 细胞在复杂的转录因子网络以及趋化因子和细胞因子信号的指导下，从造血干细胞不断发育而来。人类和小鼠的 B 淋巴细胞生成调节机制有些相似。影响人类早期 B 细胞发育的单基因缺陷的不断发现证实了与小鼠 B 细胞发育的异同。当对患者使用靶向治疗方法时，这些差异就变得有意义；因此，预测潜在的免疫不良事件至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们根据表面和细胞内蛋白表达提供了人类和小鼠早期祖细胞和 B 细胞阶段的表型分类。此外，我们还批判性地比较了关键转录因子（Ikaros、E2A、EBF1、PAX5 和 Aiolos）和化学或细胞因子信号（FLT3、c-kit、IL-7R 和 CXCR4）在稳态和异常 B 淋巴细胞生成过程中的作用在人类和小鼠中。