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Comparisons between young adult waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers’ reactions to pictorial health warning labels in Lebanon: a randomized crossover experimental study
Health Education Research ( IF 2.221 ) Pub Date : 2023-07-12 , DOI: 10.1093/her/cyad027
R Jebai 1 , T Asfar 2, 3, 4 , R Nakkash 5, 6 , S Chehab 5 , M Schmidt 7 , W Wu 8 , Z Bursac 9 , W Maziak 1, 4
Affiliation  

This study compares the impact of pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) and their placements on waterpipe parts (device, tobacco and charcoal packages) on health communication outcomes between waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers in Lebanon. An online randomized crossover experimental study was conducted among young adults (n = 403, August 2021) who observed three conditions of HWLs: pictorial HWLs on the tobacco package, pictorial HWLs on all waterpipe’s parts and text-only HWL on the tobacco package in random order. Participants completed post-exposure assessments of health communication outcomes after each image. Using linear mixed models, we examined the differences in the effect of HWL conditions on several outcomes (i.e. warning reactions) between waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers, controlling for confounders (i.e. age, sex). Nonsmokers reported greater attention (β = 0.54 [95% confidence interval: 0.25–0.82]), cognitive elaboration (0.31 [0.05–0.58]) and social interaction (0.41 [0.18–0.65]) for pictorial HWLs on the tobacco packages than text-only compared with smokers. Pictorial HWLs on three parts versus one part elicited higher cognitive reactions and perceived message effectiveness in nonsmokers compared with waterpipe smokers. These findings provide valuable information for policymakers about the potential of implementing HWLs specific to waterpipes to prevent their use among young adults and limit tobacco-related morbidity and mortality in Lebanon.

中文翻译:

黎巴嫩年轻成年水烟吸烟者和不吸烟者对图片健康警示标签的反应比较:一项随机交叉实验研究

本研究比较了图形健康警示标签 (HWL) 及其在水烟部件(装置、烟草和木炭包装)上的放置对黎巴嫩水烟吸烟者和非吸烟者之间健康沟通结果的影响。在年轻人(n = 403,2021 年 8 月)中进行了一项在线随机交叉实验研究,他们随机观察了 HWL 的三种情况:烟草包装上的图案 HWL、所有水烟部件上的图案 HWL 以及烟草包装上的纯文本 HWL命令。参与者在每张图像后完成健康沟通结果的暴露后评估。使用线性混合模型,我们检查了 HWL 条件对水烟吸烟者和非吸烟者之间几种结果(即警告反应)的影响的差异,并控制了混杂因素(即年龄、性别)。与文本相比,非吸烟者对烟草包装上的图形 HWL 的关注度更高(β = 0.54 [95% 置信区间:0.25–0.82])、认知阐述(0.31 [0.05–0.58])和社交互动(0.41 [0.18–0.65]) -仅与吸烟者相比。与水烟吸烟者相比,三部分与一部分的图画 HWL 引起了非吸烟者更高的认知反应和感知信息有效性。这些研究结果为决策者提供了宝贵的信息,说明在黎巴嫩实施针对水烟的 HWL 的潜力,以防止年轻人使用水烟并限制与烟草相关的发病率和死亡率。65])与吸烟者相比,烟草包装上的图形 HWL 优于纯文本。与水烟吸烟者相比,三部分与一部分的图画 HWL 引起了非吸烟者更高的认知反应和感知信息有效性。这些研究结果为决策者提供了宝贵的信息,说明在黎巴嫩实施针对水烟的 HWL 的潜力,以防止年轻人使用水烟并限制与烟草相关的发病率和死亡率。65])与吸烟者相比,烟草包装上的图形 HWL 优于纯文本。与水烟吸烟者相比,三部分与一部分的图画 HWL 引起了非吸烟者更高的认知反应和感知信息有效性。这些研究结果为决策者提供了宝贵的信息,说明在黎巴嫩实施针对水烟的 HWL 的潜力,以防止年轻人使用水烟并限制与烟草相关的发病率和死亡率。
更新日期:2023-07-12
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