Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in females is an endocrine pathological condition of reproductive age which is usually caused by insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and oxidative stress. This research was aimed at evaluating the therapeutic effect of the Centratherum anthelminticum seed extract (CA) against PCOS in rodents as it is traditionally used to treat diabetes, inflammation, and gynecological problems. The CA was chemically characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). For the induction of PCOS, a high-fat diet (HFD) was given to all female Wistar rats for nine weeks except the normal control group, which was given a normal chow diet. Estradiol valerate was given to all rats except normal control. After the induction of PCOS, oral metformin (300 mg/kg) was given to the standard group, while CA was orally administered to diseased rats at 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg/day for 28 days. HPLC-DAD analysis revealed that kaempferol-3-pcoumaroylglucoside was present in the highest amount (146.8 ± 1.8 mg/g) of the extract followed by ferulic acid and malvidin-3-(6-caffeoyl)-glucoside. The in vivo results revealed a marked reduction in cholesterol and triglyceride levels in CA treatment groups. A significant rise was observed in progesterone and follicle stimulating hormone with a decrease in luteinizing hormone in the treatment groups as compared to disease control, which indicated normalization of the estrus cycle. The decrease in insulin resistance was characterized by low serum insulin levels in treatment groups. Treatment with CA also reduced inflammatory markers, such as IL-6 and NF-κB in PCOS rats. NrF2 and oxidative stress markers such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and reduced glutathione were also improved by CA in the ovary of diseased rats. Histopathological examination showed the different developmental stages of normal follicles in CA-treated diseased rats which were indicative of a normal fertile estrous cycle. Overall, the results confirmed the efficacy of CA against PCOS in treating estradiol-HFD-induced PCOS due to its antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant properties.

中文翻译：

---

驱虫中心草提取物的化学性质及其对 Wistar 大鼠多囊卵巢综合征的改善作用

女性多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是一种育龄期内分泌病理性疾病，通常由胰岛素抵抗、高脂血症和氧化应激等引起。这项研究旨在评估驱虫中心草种子提取物 (CA) 对啮齿动物多囊卵巢综合症的治疗效果，因为它传统上用于治疗糖尿病、炎症和妇科问题。通过高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测 (HPLC-DAD) 对 CA 进行化学表征。为了诱导 PCOS，除了正常对照组给予正常饮食外，所有雌性 Wistar 大鼠均给予高脂肪饮食 (HFD) 九周。除正常对照外，所有大鼠均给予戊酸雌二醇。PCOS诱导后，标准组口服二甲双胍（300 mg/kg），患病大鼠口服CA，剂量为250、500和750 mg/kg/天，持续28天。HPLC-DAD 分析显示，提取物中山奈酚-3-香豆酰葡萄糖苷的含量最高（146.8 ± 1.8 mg/g），其次是阿魏酸和锦葵素-3-(6-咖啡酰)-葡萄糖苷。体内结果显示，CA 治疗组的胆固醇和甘油三酯水平显着降低。与疾病对照相比，治疗组中黄体酮和卵泡刺激素显着升高，而黄体生成素降低，这表明发情周期正常化。治疗组中胰岛素抵抗降低的特点是血清胰岛素水平较低。CA 治疗还可以减少PCOS 大鼠的炎症标志物，例如 IL-6 和 NF- κ B。CA 也改善了患病大鼠卵巢中的 NrF2 和氧化应激标记物，如过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛和还原型谷胱甘肽。组织病理学检查显示经 CA 治疗的患病大鼠正常卵泡的不同发育阶段，这表明有正常的生育动情周期。总体而言，由于 CA 的抗糖尿病、抗炎、降血脂和抗氧化特性，结果证实了 CA 对 PCOS 治疗雌二醇 HFD 诱导的 PCOS 的功效。