ABSTRACT

After half a century of Spanish imperial control over the Mississippi, the territory of Louisiana was purchased and annexed to the United States in 1803. The goal of this article is to examine the continuities of the Spanish imperial dominion over New Orleans since the Louisiana Purchase up until the American Civil War, using the Spanish-speaking community as an observatory to trace them. Decades after the Louisiana Purchase, Spanish-speaking colonists and immigrants continued to inhabit New Orleans’ Vieux Carré, keeping various links to the former territories of the Spanish Monarchy, to the Peninsula and most specially to Cuba. The Spanish community generated new instruments of association as a group, such as bilingual newspapers, associations of mutual assistance, and its own militia. This heterogeneous community experienced in various ways the political upheavals affecting the Gulf of Mexico during the first six decades of the nineteenth century. This included diverse intents on behalf of the former metropole to exert different degrees of control over the community through various means, especially as Cuban separatism became a political force to be reckoned with in the Gulf.

摘要

在西班牙帝国对密西西比河进行了半个世纪的控制之后，路易斯安那领土于 1803 年被购买并并入美国。本文的目的是考察自路易斯安那购买以来西班牙帝国对新奥尔良的统治的连续性。直到美国内战期间，利用西班牙语社区作为观察站来追踪他们。购买路易斯安那几十年后，讲西班牙语的殖民者和移民继续居住在新奥尔良的 Vieux Carré，与西班牙君主国的前领土、半岛，尤其是古巴保持着各种联系。西班牙社区作为一个群体产生了新的结社工具，例如双语报纸、互助协会和自己的民兵。在 19 世纪的前 60 年里，这个异质社区以各种方式经历了影响墨西哥湾的政治动乱。这包括代表前大都市通过各种手段对社区施加不同程度的控制的不同意图，特别是当古巴分离主义成为海湾地区不可忽视的政治力量时。