: Heterocyclic compounds are the most common and diverse group of organic substances. Heterocyclic compounds are rapidly increasing in number as a result of intensive synthetic research as well as their value in other synthetic procedures. More than 90% of medications contain heterocyclic rings, and a wide range of medicinal chemistry applications make use of these substances. There are always unique characteristics of an efficient approach for creating newly discovered heterocyclic compounds and their moieties. Due to their biological effects, including those that are anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-allergic, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticonvulsant, heterocyclic compounds are crucial to medicinal chemistry. Today's world population is generally suffering from various neurodegenerative diseases. Out of that, the most prevailing disease is Alzheimer's. There are many causes of Alzheimer's disease-like acetylcholinesterase enzyme, tau protein, amyloid aggregation, oxidative stress, phosphodiesterase, and others. In these cases, oxidative stress plays a very important role in the progression of this disease. To combat this oxidative stress various antioxidant-derived drugs have been used but the problem is that Alzheimer's progression cannot be targeted with a single target drug because of the other factors that are involved in its progression. So to overcome that, a drug targeting multiple targets has been synthesized by using the antioxidant in previous reports. These drugs are more potent and efficacious than single-target drugs. This review focused on various multi-target ligands to target oxidative stress.

中文翻译：

---

针对氧化应激的多种杂环分子对各种神经系统疾病的治疗作用

：杂环化合物是最常见、最多样化的有机物质。由于深入的合成研究及其在其他合成过程中的价值，杂环化合物的数量正在迅速增加。超过 90% 的药物含有杂环，广泛的药物化学应用都利用这些物质。创造新发现的杂环化合物及其部分的有效方法总是具有独特的特征。由于其生物效应，包括抗癌、抗炎、抗真菌、抗过敏、抗菌、抗病毒和抗惊厥等，杂环化合物对于药物化学至关重要。当今世界人口普遍患有各种神经退行性疾病。由此看来，最流行的疾病是阿尔茨海默病。导致阿尔茨海默病的原因有很多，如乙酰胆碱酯酶、tau 蛋白、淀粉样蛋白聚集、氧化应激、磷酸二酯酶等。在这些情况下，氧化应激在这种疾病的进展中起着非常重要的作用。为了对抗这种氧化应激，人们使用了各种抗氧化剂衍生的药物，但问题是阿尔茨海默病的进展不能用单一的靶药物来靶向，因为其进展涉及其他因素。因此，为了克服这个问题，在之前的报道中，人们利用抗氧化剂合成了一种针对多个靶点的药物。这些药物比单靶点药物更有效。本综述重点关注针对氧化应激的各种多靶点配体。