Cannabidiol (CBD) has been shown to convert to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) in acidic environments, raising a concern of conversion when exposed to gastric fluid after consumption. Using synthetic gastric fluid (SGF), it has been demonstrated that the conversion requires surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), due to limited solubility of CBD. Recently, water-compatible nanoemulsions of CBD have been prepared as a means of fortifying beverages and water-based foods with CBD. Since these emulsions contain surfactants as part of their formulation, it is possible that these preparations might enhance the production of Δ9-THC even in the absence of added surfactants. Three THC-free CBD products, an oil, an anhydrous powder and a water-soluble formulation, were incubated for 3 h in SGF without SDS. The water-soluble CBD product produced a dispersion, while the powder and the oil did not mix with the SGF. No THC was detected with the CBD oil (<0.0006% conversion), and up to 0.063% and 0.0045% conversion to Δ9-THC was observed with the water-soluble CBD and the CBD powder, respectively. No formation of Δ8-THC was observed. In comparison, when the nano-formulated CBD was incubated in SGF with 1% SDS, 33–36% conversion to Δ9-THC was observed. Even though the rate of conversion with the water-soluble CBD was at least 100-fold higher compared to the CBD oil, it was still smaller than Δ9-THC levels reported in CBD products labeled “THC-free” or “<0.3% THC” based on the Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018 (the Farm Bill). Assuming a daily CBD dose of around 30 mg/day, it is unlikely that conversion of CBD to Δ9-THC could produce a positive urinary drug test for 11-Nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-THC (15 ng/mL cut-off).

中文翻译：

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合成胃液中水溶性 CBD 转化为 Δ9-THC——药物检测呈阳性的不太可能的原因

大麻二酚 (CBD) 已被证明在酸性环境中会转化为 Δ9-四氢大麻酚 (Δ9-THC)，因此人们担心食用后接触胃液时会发生转化。使用合成胃液（SGF）已证明，由于 CBD 的溶解度有限，该转化需要表面活性剂，例如十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）。最近，已制备出与水相容的 CBD 纳米乳液，作为用 CBD 强化饮料和水基食品的方法。由于这些乳液的配方中含有表面活性剂，因此即使不添加表面活性剂，这些制剂也可能提高 Δ9-THC 的产量。三种不含 THC 的 CBD 产品（一种油、一种无水粉末和一种水溶性制剂）在不含 SDS 的 SGF 中孵育 3 小时。水溶性 CBD 产品产生分散体，而粉末和油不与 SGF 混合。CBD油没有检测到THC(转化率＜0.0006％)，而水溶性CBD和CBD粉末分别观察到高达0.063％和0.0045％的Δ9-THC转化率。没有观察到Δ8-THC 的形成。相比之下，当纳米配制的 CBD 在含有 1% SDS 的 SGF 中孵育时，观察到 33-36% 转化为 Δ9-THC。尽管水溶性 CBD 的转化率比 CBD 油至少高 100 倍，但仍然低于标有“不含 THC”或“<0.3%”的 CBD 产品中报告的 Δ9-THC 水平。 THC”基于 2018 年农业改进法案（农业法案）。假设每日 CBD 剂量约为 30 毫克/天，CBD 转化为 Δ9-THC 不太可能产生 11-Nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-THC 尿液药物检测呈阳性（15 ng/mL 截止值） ）。