In humans, many diseases are associated with alterations in gut microbiota, namely increases or decreases in the abundance of specific bacterial groups. One example is the genus Faecalibacterium. Numerous studies have underscored that low levels of Faecalibacterium are correlated with inflammatory conditions, with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the forefront. Its representation is also diminished in the case of several diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC), dermatitis, and depression. Additionally, the relative presence of this genus is considered to reflect, at least in part, intestinal health status because Faecalibacterium is frequently present at reduced levels in individuals with gastrointestinal diseases or disorders. In this review, we first thoroughly describe updates to the taxonomy of Faecalibacterium, which has transformed a single-species taxon to a multispecies taxon over the last decade. We then explore the links discovered between Faecalibacterium abundance and various diseases since the first IBD-focused studies were published. Next, we examine current available strategies for modulating Faecalibacterium levels in the gut. Finally, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects that have been attributed to this genus. Together, epidemiological and experimental data strongly support the use of Faecalibacterium as a next-generation probiotic (NGP) or live biotherapeutic product (LBP).

中文翻译：

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粪杆菌：一种具有前景的人类健康应用的细菌属

在人类中，许多疾病与肠道微生物群的改变有关，即特定细菌群丰度的增加或减少。一个例子是粪杆菌属。大量研究强调，低水平的粪杆菌与炎症状况相关，其中炎症性肠病（IBD）位居前列。在结直肠癌 (CRC)、皮炎和抑郁症等多种疾病中，其代表性也会减弱。此外，该属的相对存在被认为至少部分地反映了肠道健康状况，因为粪杆菌在患有胃肠道疾病或病症的个体中经常以降低的水平存在。在这篇综述中，我们首先全面描述了粪杆菌分类学的更新，该分类学在过去十年中将单物种分类单元转变为多物种分类单元。然后，我们探索了自第一份针对 IBD 的研究发表以来发现的粪杆菌丰度与各种疾病之间的联系。接下来，我们研究当前调节肠道中粪杆菌水平的可用策略。最后，我们总结了该属有益效果的机制。流行病学和实验数据共同有力支持使用粪杆菌作为下一代益生菌 (NGP) 或活体生物治疗产品 (LBP)。