Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease where patients are more susceptible to infection and inflammation. The most salient symptoms of atopic dermatitis (AD) are skin dysbiosis and ceramide deficiency. Here, the effect of AD conditions on S. aureus resilience was investigated. S. aureus and S. epidermidis biofilms were co-inoculated at healthy and AD bacterial ratios and exposed to various sphingosine dosing regimens. In both healthy (S. epidermidis dominant) and AD (S. aureus dominant) conditions the viability of the non-dominant bacterial species was affected. Quorum sensing (QS)-impaired S. aureus was overall more susceptible to sphingosine. Despite the general resilience of QS-intact S. aureus against sphingosine, modulation of S. epidermidis (healthy ratio) and sphingosine (healthy Sph) led to a lack of recovery from its initial killing. Overall, it was found that when in biofilms, S. epidermidis increases S. aureus resilience to sphingosine, possibly enhancing the pathogen’s recalcitrance in AD skin.

摘要

特应性皮炎（AD）是一种慢性炎症性皮肤病，患者更容易受到感染和炎症。特应性皮炎 (AD) 最显着的症状是皮肤生态失调和神经酰胺缺乏。在此，研究了AD 条件对金黄色葡萄球菌恢复力的影响。金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌生物膜以健康和 AD 细菌比例共同接种，并暴露于各种鞘氨醇给药方案。在健康（表皮葡萄球菌占优势）和AD（金黄色葡萄球菌占优势）条件下，非优势细菌种类的生存能力都受到影响。群体感应（QS）受损的金黄色葡萄球菌总体上更容易受到鞘氨醇的影响。尽管QS完整的金黄色葡萄球菌对鞘氨醇具有普遍的抵抗力，但表皮葡萄球菌（健康比例）和鞘氨醇（健康Sph）的调节导致其最初的杀伤作用无法恢复。总体而言，发现在生物膜中，表皮葡萄球菌增加了金黄色葡萄球菌对鞘氨醇的抵抗力，可能增强了病原体在 AD 皮肤中的抵抗力。