Abstract

This article presents the results of a study of the structural and dynamic organization of forests located in basins of large rivers influent into Lake Baikal that have considerable influence on changes in the hydrologic regimes of the lake. It is known that the annual river flow significantly depends on the state of the forests growing in the river basins. The stable hydrologic regimes of the rivers responsible for most water runoff into the lake are directly dependent on the functional properties of forests. Maintaining the functions of environmental conservation and water regulation of forests contributes to the stable functioning of river basins, ensuring the general sustainability of the lake as an integrated ecosystem within the Lake Baikal basin. It is noted that the combination of centuries-spanning dynamics of forests associated with the succession of forest-forming species (typical for zonal types of vegetation) and the influence of climate change facilitates the formation of polydominant dark–light coniferous and light coniferous forests and, additionally, influences the hydrologic regimes of rivers in the study areas. The structural and dynamic organization of forest communities of different physical and geographical conditions is established, as are the characteristics of their formation. This information is then used to forecast the vector of possible development of forests growing within the Lake Baikal drainage basin. It is shown that changes in the structure, dynamics, and spatial organization of forests within the drainage basin of the lake, associated with the intensification of fires over the last several decades and recent industrial logging, affect river flows and, consequently, lead to relatively severe fluctuations in lake water levels across years. It is established that trends in forest formation within basins of rivers influent into Baikal determine the relationships in the “forest structure–river volume” systems, which can influence the optimization of forest use within the Lake Baikal basin as a whole.

中文翻译：

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贝加尔湖流域森林的结构和动态组织

摘要

本文介绍了对流入贝加尔湖的大河流域内的森林的结构和动态组织的研究结果，这些河流对贝加尔湖水文状况的变化具有相当大的影响。众所周知，年河流流量很大程度上取决于流域内森林生长的状况。河流的稳定水文状况直接取决于森林的功能特性，这些河流负责流入湖泊的大部分水。保持森林的环境保护和水调节功能有助于流域的稳定运行，确保湖泊作为贝加尔湖流域内综合生态系统的总体可持续性。值得注意的是，与森林形成物种（典型的地带性植被类型）演替相关的跨越几个世纪的森林动态以及气候变化的影响，促进了多优势暗光针叶林和浅色针叶林的形成，此外，还影响研究区域河流的水文状况。建立了不同自然和地理条件的森林群落的结构和动态组织及其形成特征。然后，该信息用于预测贝加尔湖流域内生长的森林可能发展的矢量。结果表明，湖泊流域内森林的结构、动态和空间组织发生了变化，过去几十年来加剧的火灾和最近的工业伐木影响了河流流量，从而导致多年来湖泊水位相对严重的波动。研究表明，流入贝加尔湖的河流流域内的森林形成趋势决定了“森林结构-河流水量”系统的关系，从而影响整个贝加尔湖流域森林利用的优化。