In a recent effort to develop the individual-opportunity nexus, Ramoglou and McMullen (2022) argue that extant conceptualizations of opportunities fail because they reify opportunities by engaging in “thing-talk”. Their proposed alternative ignores concrete things by reinterpreting the nexus in terms of confident entrepreneurs (who imagine world-states) and world-states (that are possible or not). But, regardless of formulation, the dualistic nexus framework fails to account for the creative aspects of entrepreneurship and places impossible demands on the concept of opportunity. A triadic view of entrepreneurs, artifacts, and worlds transcends the distinction between “thing-talk” and “confidence-talk” as central to an unambiguous scholarly use of opportunity language. Acknowledging artifacts as tangible interfaces between entrepreneurial confidence and real-world conditions also prompts a reevaluation of what Ramoglou and McMullen (2022) term “entrepreneurial work”, calling for an approach that duly acknowledges its creative, artifact-centered, and indeed world-making character.

在最近发展个人与机会关系的努力中，Ramoglou 和 McMullen（2022）认为，现有的机会概念化失败了，因为它们通过参与“事物谈话”来具体化机会。他们提出的替代方案通过重新解释自信的企业家（想象世界国家）和世界国家（可能或不可能）之间的联系而忽略了具体事物。但是，无论表述如何，二元关系框架都无法解释创业的创造性方面，并对机会概念提出了不可能的要求。对企业家、人工制品和世界的三元观点超越了“事物谈话”和“信心谈话”之间的区别，成为机会语言明确学术使用的核心。