Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a severe zoonotic disease that has major impacts on both health and the economy, and which has been subjected to specific eradication programmes in many countries for decades. This manuscript highlights the relevance of this disease in the context of the European Union (EU) and summarizes the epidemiological situation and the main tools (e.g. antemortem diagnostic tests, slaughterhouse surveillance, laboratories, comprehensive databases, etc.) used to control and eradicate bTB in the various EU countries with a focus on the situation in Spain. A comprehensive description of the specific bTB epidemiological situation in Spain is provided, together with an assessment of the evolution of different epidemiological indicators throughout the last decades. Moreover, the main features of the Spanish bTB eradication programme and its control tools are described, along with the studies carried out in Spain that have allowed the updating of and improvement to the programme over the years with the aim of eradication, which has been established for 2030.

中文翻译：

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西班牙牛结核病真的进入最后倒计时了吗？

牛结核病 (bTB) 是一种严重的人畜共患疾病，对健康和经济都有重大影响，数十年来许多国家一直在实施特定的根除计划。本手稿强调了该疾病在欧盟 (EU) 背景下的相关性，并总结了流行病学状况和用于控制和根除 bTB 的主要工具（例如生前诊断测试、屠宰场监测、实验室、综合数据库等）在欧盟各个国家，重点关注西班牙的情况。全面描述了西班牙具体的 bTB 流行病学情况，并对过去几十年不同流行病学指标的演变进行了评估。此外，还描述了西班牙 bTB 根除计划的主要特点及其控制工具，以及在西班牙进行的研究，多年来这些研究使该计划得以更新和改进，以达到根除的目的。 2030 年。