Investigating the population genetic structure of parasites and their host plants can provide valuable insights into their coevolutionary processes. In this study, we assessed and compared the population genetic diversity and structure of 12 Rhus gall aphid (Schlechtendalia chinensis) populations and their respective host plant (Rhus chinensis) using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that both the aphid and its host plant exhibited higher genetic variance within populations than among them, indicating that their coevolutionary history may have produced analogous patterns of population genetic structure. Additionally, we considered alternative factors that could contribute to this outcome, such as intraspecific gene flow, hybridization, or environmental influences. Our analysis did not reveal a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances of either the aphid or host plant populations, leading us to reject the isolation-by-distance model as a plausible explanation for the demographic histories of these two species.

研究寄生虫及其寄主植物的群体遗传结构可以为了解其共同进化过程提供有价值的见解。在本研究中，我们利用扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）标记评估并比较了12个漆胆蚜（Schlechtendalia chinensis）种群及其各自寄主植物（Rhus chinensis ）的种群遗传多样性和结构。分子方差分析（AMOVA）表明，蚜虫及其寄主植物在种群内表现出比种群间更高的遗传变异，表明它们的共同进化历史可能产生了类似的种群遗传结构模式。此外，我们还考虑了可能导致这一结果的其他因素，例如种内基因流、杂交或环境影响。我们的分析没有揭示蚜虫或寄主植物种群的遗传和地理距离之间的显着相关性，导致我们拒绝将距离隔离模型作为这两个物种的人口历史的合理解释。