Bacterial biofilms are widespread in the environment, and bacteria in the biofilm are highly resistant to antibiotics and possess host immune defense mechanisms, which can lead to serious clinical and environmental health problems. The increasing problem of bacterial resistance caused by the irrational use of traditional antimicrobial drugs has prompted the search for better and novel antimicrobial substances. In this paper, we review the effects of phage endolysins, modified phage endolysins, and their combination with other substances on bacterial biofilms and provide an outlook on their practical applications. Phage endolysins can specifically and efficiently hydrolyze the cell walls of bacteria, causing bacterial lysis and death. Phage endolysins have shown superior bactericidal effects in vitro and in vivo, and no direct toxicity in humans has been reported to date. The properties of phage endolysins make them promising for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections. Meanwhile, endolysins have been genetically engineered to exert a stronger scavenging effect on biological membranes when used in combination with antibiotics and drugs. Phage endolysins are powerful weapons for controlling bacterial biofilms.

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中文翻译：

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噬菌体内溶素：控制细菌生物膜的有力武器

细菌生物膜在环境中广泛存在，生物膜中的细菌对抗生素具有高度耐药性并具有宿主免疫防御机制，可导致严重的临床和环境健康问题。传统抗菌药物的不合理使用导致的细菌耐药性问题日益严重，促使人们寻找更好的新型抗菌物质。本文综述了噬菌体内溶素、修饰的噬菌体内溶素及其与其他物质的组合对细菌生物膜的影响，并对其实际应用进行了展望。噬菌体内溶素可以特异性、高效地水解细菌的细胞壁，导致细菌裂解和死亡。噬菌体内溶素在体外和体内均表现出优异的杀菌作用，迄今为止尚未报道对人体有直接毒性。噬菌体内溶素的特性使其有望用于预防和治疗细菌感染。同时，内溶素经过基因工程改造，与抗生素和药物联合使用时，可以对生物膜发挥更强的清除作用。噬菌体内溶素是控制细菌生物膜的强大武器。

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