Diabetes is a widespread non-contagious disease, and a significant fraction of human population in the world is affected by it. Lifestyle changes including physical activities and a healthy diet can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes and its complications. In this paper, nonlinear mathematical models are proposed and analyzed to study the role of awareness in the prevention of diabetes. In model formulation, first it is assumed that the unaware people become aware through word-of-mouth communication only and adopt a preventive lifestyle to reduce the peril of diabetes. Subsequently, the proposed model is extended by incorporating the effect of social media and TV advertisements on diabetes awareness. An awareness generation number is obtained for the first model and it is found that the system exhibits transcritical bifurcation when this number crosses unity. Both models are analyzed qualitatively and a comparison of outcomes reveals that social media and TV ads are more effective in raising the level of awareness among individuals and helps to inhibit the risk of diabetes mellitus. The analytical results are verified through numerical simulation.

糖尿病是一种广泛传播的非传染性疾病，世界上很大一部分人口受到其影响。生活方式的改变，包括体育活动和健康饮食，可以预防或延缓糖尿病及其并发症的发作。本文提出并分析了非线性数学模型，以研究意识在预防糖尿病中的作用。在模型制定中，首先假设不知情的人仅通过口碑传播而意识到并采取预防性生活方式来减少糖尿病的风险。随后，通过纳入社交媒体和电视广告对糖尿病意识的影响，对所提出的模型进行了扩展。获得第一个模型的意识生成数，并且发现当该数跨越统一时系统表现出跨临界分岔。对这两种模型进行了定性分析，结果比较表明，社交媒体和电视广告在提高个人意识水平方面更有效，有助于抑制患糖尿病的风险。通过数值模拟验证了分析结果。