The institution of liability serves to mitigate the lack of care in almost all areas, whether private or business. However, we have not yet found such an institution in political decision-making. Surprisingly, the literature has not discussed a specific institution that subjects political actors who fail to exercise due diligence in their decision-making regarding personal liability. Hence, this paper aims to fill this gap and derive the necessity of internalizing the negative effects resulting from the imperfections of the market for political services in general and the democratic process, particularly by a liability rule. To design the new institution, we draw on the findings of corporate governance, combining economic thinking in incentives and legal knowledge expressed in the law of the corporation. In this respect, this paper is the first to make a concrete proposal for political liability accompanied by a political judgment rule. However, it is important to emphasize that the aim is not to punish a wrong decision but to provide strong incentives to prevent it ex ante. Political liability must be understood as a process-oriented institution that considers uncertainty and decision-making complexities. By proposing and analyzing this new institution, this work contributes to a broader discussion of incentive structures in the political process of modern democracies and shows how the political sphere can learn from the corporate world.

中文翻译：

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从公司治理中学习：政治决策责任的首次概念化

责任制度有助于缓解几乎所有领域（无论是私人领域还是企业领域）缺乏关怀的情况。然而，我们在政治决策中还没有找到这样的制度。令人惊讶的是，文献并没有讨论一个具体的制度，该制度对那些在个人责任决策中未能尽职尽责的政治行为者进行约束。因此，本文旨在填补这一空白，并得出将一般政治服务市场和民主进程的不完善所造成的负面影响内在化的必要性，特别是通过责任规则。为了设计新的制度，我们借鉴了公司治理的研究成果，将激励中的经济思维与公司法中表达的法律知识相结合。在这方面，本文首次对政治责任提出具体的建议并附有政治判断规则。然而，需要强调的是，其目的不是惩罚错误的决定，而是提供强有力的激励措施以预防错误的发生。政治责任必须被理解为一种以过程为导向的制度，考虑不确定性和决策的复杂性。通过提出和分析这一新制度，这项工作有助于对现代民主政治进程中的激励结构进行更广泛的讨论，并展示政治领域如何向企业界学习。必须强调的是，目的不是惩罚错误的决定，而是提供强有力的激励措施，以预防错误的发生。政治责任必须被理解为一种以过程为导向的制度，考虑不确定性和决策的复杂性。通过提出和分析这一新制度，这项工作有助于对现代民主政治进程中的激励结构进行更广泛的讨论，并展示政治领域如何向企业界学习。必须强调的是，目的不是惩罚错误的决定，而是提供强有力的激励措施，以预防错误的发生。政治责任必须被理解为一种以过程为导向的制度，考虑不确定性和决策的复杂性。通过提出和分析这一新制度，这项工作有助于对现代民主政治进程中的激励结构进行更广泛的讨论，并展示政治领域如何向企业界学习。