Fentanyl-type new psychoactive substances (fentanyl-type NPS) are the primary subclass of synthetic opioid groups in new psychoactive substances (NPS). According to World Drug Report 2022 by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, fentanyl-type NPS are the major cause of overdose deaths in North America, where their abuse is the most severe. Given the multiple modification sites in the structures of fentanyl-type NPS, the derivatization rate is very rapid, causing more difficulties for analysis and identification in forensic laboratories. Because the fragments in electron ionization-mass spectrometry (EI-MS) spectra contain rich structural information and similar compounds have similar MS cleavage patterns and produce similar characteristic fragments, it is crucial to infer the structure of emerging fentanyl-type NPS by summarizing the cleavage patterns and distinct fragments of fentanyl-type NPS EI-MS data. In this study, 49 fentanyl-type NPS were analyzed using gas chromatography-MS (GC–MS) with EI and chemical ionization sources. Subsequently, the EI-MS cleavage rules and characteristic fragments of fentanyl-type NPS were summarized with the assistance of 129 fentanyl-type NPS GC–MS data obtained from www.caymanchem.com. Furthermore, a set of structural analysis procedures was established to determine the structures of emerging fentanyl-type NPS. This procedure laid the foundation for rapid identification and screening of fentanyl-type NPS.

芬太尼类新型精神活性物质（芬太尼型NPS）是新型精神活性物质（NPS）中合成阿片类物质的主要亚类。根据《2022 年世界毒品报告》联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室指出，芬太尼类新精神活性物质是北美地区服药过量死亡的主要原因，其滥用情况最为严重。由于芬太尼类NPS结构中存在多个修饰位点，衍生化速度非常快，给法医实验室的分析鉴定带来了更大的困难。由于电子电离质谱（EI-MS）谱中的碎片包含丰富的结构信息，并且相似的化合物具有相似的MS裂解模式并产生相似的特征片段，因此通过总结裂解来推断新兴芬太尼型NPS的结构至关重要芬太尼型 NPS EI-MS 数据的模式和不同片段。在这项研究中，使用配备 EI 和化学电离源的气相色谱-MS (GC-MS) 对 49 种芬太尼型 NPS 进行了分析。随后，借助来自 129 个芬太尼型 NPS 的 GC-MS 数据，总结了芬太尼型 NPS 的 EI-MS 裂解规则和特征片段。www.caymanchem.com。此外，还建立了一套结构分析程序来确定新兴芬太尼类新精神活性物质的结构。该程序为芬太尼类新精神活性物质的快速识别和筛查奠定了基础。