The present work studies the effect of Mn doping on the crystalline structure of the Hap synthesized by the hydrothermal method at 200 °C for 24 h, from Ca(OH)₂ and (NH₄)₂HPO₄, incorporating MnCl₂ to 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 %wt of Mn concentrations. Samples were characterized by the X-Ray Diffraction technique, which revealed the diffraction peaks that corresponded to the hexagonal and monoclinic phase of the Hap; it was observed that the average size of crystallite decreased from 23.67 to 22.69 nm as the concentration of Mn increased. TEM shows that in all samples, there are two distributions of particle sizes; one corresponds to nanorods with several tens of nanometers in length, and the other in which the diameter and length are very close. FTIR analysis revealed absorption bands corresponding to the PO₄⁻³ and OH⁻ groups characteristic of the Hap. It was possible to establish a substitution mechanism between the Mn and the ions of Ca⁺² of the Hap. From the Alamar blue test, a cell viability of 86.88% ± 5 corresponding to the sample of Hap at 1.5 %wt Mn was obtained, considered non-cytotoxic according to ISO 10993-5. It also evaluated and demonstrated the good osteoinductive properties of the materials, which were verified by histology and immunofluorescence expression of osteogenic markers. Adhesion, viability, biocompatibility and osteoinductive properties, make these materials candidates for future applications in bone tissue engineering with likely uses in regenerative medicine.

Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

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锰掺杂羟基磷灰石的生物相容性分析及化学表征

_{本工作研究了Mn掺杂对Ca(OH) 2}和(NH ₄ ) ₂ HPO ₄的水热法在200 °C 24 h合成的Hap晶体结构的影响，其中MnCl 2掺入_0.1， Mn 浓度为 0.5、1.0、1.5 和 2.0%wt。通过 X 射线衍射技术对样品进行了表征，该技术揭示了对应于 Hap 的六方相和单斜相的衍射峰；观察到随着 Mn 浓度的增加，微晶的平均尺寸从 23.67 nm 减小到 22.69 nm。TEM显示，在所有样品中，都有两种粒径分布；一种对应于长度为几十纳米的纳米棒，另一种则直径和长度非常接近。FTIR分析揭示了对应于Hap特征的PO ₄ ^-3和OH ^{-基团的吸收带。}可以在Hap的Mn和Ca ^{+2离子之间建立取代机制。}从阿拉玛蓝测试中，获得了 86.88% ± 5 的细胞活力，对应于 1.5%wt Mn 的 Hap 样品，根据 ISO 10993-5 被认为是无细胞毒性的。它还评估并证明了材料良好的骨诱导特性，并通过成骨标志物的组织学和免疫荧光表达进行了验证。粘附性、活力、生物相容性和骨诱导特性使这些材料成为未来骨组织工程应用的候选材料，并可能用于再生医学。

图形概要