This study explores the impact of industrialization on secondary schooling in nineteenth-century France. As a source of exogenous variation in industrialization across the French territory, it takes advantage of the openings and closures of mines, which were supervised by the Ministry of Public Works, independently from the Ministry of Education. The results suggest that industrialization had a negative but mostly insignificant effect on high school enrollment. However, industrialization increased the share of high school pupils in applied sections and the wages of mathematics teachers.

中文翻译：

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工业革命期间工业化对中学教育的影响：来自十九世纪法国的证据

本研究探讨了工业化对十九世纪法国中学教育的影响。作为法国境内工业化外生变化的一个来源，它利用了矿山的开闭，这些矿山由公共工程部（独立于教育部）监督。结果表明，工业化对高中入学率产生了负面影响，但大多不显着。然而，工业化提高了应用部门高中生的比例和数学教师的工资。