Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor of neuroblasts, immature nerve cells found in several areas of the body. It usually affects children under age of 5. As usual, the tumor has ability to grow rapidly and to expand vastly which ultimately leads to death. Mostly, management decisions can be drawn by the prediction of the stage of the disease as well as age at the time of its diagnosis. There are four main stages of neuroblastoma, and treatment is according to the low and high risk of the disease. Several cytotoxic agents along with other therapies (antibody therapy, gene therapy, and even immunological therapies, antiangiogenic therapy, etc.) are used. Immunotherapy also has an important treatment option used nowadays for neuroblastoma. The discovery of major neuroblastoma-predisposition gene anaplastic lymphoma kinase cause somatic transformation or gene strengthening in diagnosed neuroblastoma. Promising new antiangiogenic strategies have also been introduced for the treatment of neuroblastoma with multiple mylomas. To manage numerous myelomas and cancers, including neuroblastoma, bone marrow transplantation and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation may be used.

中文翻译：

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神经母细胞瘤的治疗进展

神经母细胞瘤是神经母细胞的恶性肿瘤，神经母细胞是在身体多个部位发现的未成熟神经细胞。它通常影响 5 岁以下的儿童。像往常一样，肿瘤能够快速生长并大幅扩张，最终导致死亡。大多数情况下，可以通过预测疾病阶段以及诊断时的年龄来做出管理决策。神经母细胞瘤有四个主要阶段，根据疾病的低风险和高风险进行治疗。使用几种细胞毒性药物以及其他疗法（抗体疗法、基因疗法，甚至免疫疗法、抗血管生成疗法等）。免疫疗法也是当今用于神经母细胞瘤的重要治疗选择。主要神经母细胞瘤易感基因间变性淋巴瘤激酶的发现导致诊断的神经母细胞瘤发生体细胞转化或基因强化。还引入了有前景的新的抗血管生成策略来治疗神经母细胞瘤合并多发性骨髓瘤。为了治疗多种骨髓瘤和癌症，包括神经母细胞瘤，可以使用骨髓移植和外周血干细胞移植。