There is an increasing number of people affected worldwide by mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety. One of the main courses of treatment, along with psychotherapy, is the use of psychoactive medications, like antidepressants and benzodiazepines. Also, the unprescribed use of these substances is a concerning public health issue. Hence, the analysis of psychotropic medications is mandatory in postmortem toxicology and various biological samples can be used for this detection, among them the vitreous humor (VH) stands out. Also, there is a demand for more sustainable and more efficient extraction methodologies according to green chemistry. An example is solid phase microextraction techniques (SPME), which use a solid sorbent and small solvent amounts. Biosorbents are substances of natural origin with sorptive properties, and they have been successfully used in SPME in environmental toxicology for water analysis, mainly. This study aimed to develop a sustainable, fast, cheap and simple SPME methodology using cork sheet strips as a biosorbent, to extract antidepressants, benzodiazepines and others from VH samples by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The extraction was conducted in a 96-well plate using 200 µL of VH and optimization of relevant parameters for extraction was performed. For solvent optimization, two simplex-centroid experiments were planned for extraction and desorption and to evaluate time and pH, a Doehlert design experiment was performed. The analytical method for the determination and quantification of 17 substances was validated. The quantification limits were 5 ng/mL for all analytes and the calibration curves were linear between 5 and 30 ng/mL. This study was able to develop an efficient, cheap, simple and fast microextraction method for 17 analytes in VH, using strips of cork sheet for extraction and a 96-well plate as a container. Furthermore, this approach system could be automated for routine toxicology laboratories.

中文翻译：

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软木片作为法医毒理学的有效生物吸附剂：在玻璃体液分析中的应用

全世界越来越多的人受到抑郁和焦虑等精神健康疾病的影响。与心理治疗一起的主要治疗方法之一是使用精神活性药物，如抗抑郁药和苯二氮卓类药物。此外，未经规定使用这些物质也是一个令人担忧的公共卫生问题。因此，在死后毒理学中必须对精神药物进行分析，并且可以使用各种生物样本进行这种检测，其中玻璃体液（VH）尤为突出。此外，根据绿色化学，还需要更可持续、更有效的提取方法。一个例子是固相微萃取技术 (SPME)，它使用固体吸附剂和少量溶剂。生物吸附剂是具有吸附特性的天然物质，它们已成功应用于环境毒理学中的 SPME，主要用于水分析。本研究旨在开发一种可持续、快速、廉价且简单的固相微萃取方法，使用软木片条作为生物吸附剂，通过液相色谱结合串联质谱从 VH 样品中提取抗抑郁药物、苯二氮卓类药物和其他药物。使用 200 µL VH 在 96 孔板中进行提取，并对提取的相关参数进行优化。对于溶剂优化，计划进行两个单纯形质心实验用于萃取和解吸，并进行 Doehlert 设计实验来评估时间和 pH 值。验证了 17 种物质的测定和定量分析方法。所有分析物的定量限均为 5 ng/mL，校准曲线在 5 至 30 ng/mL 之间呈线性。本研究能够开发出一种高效、廉价、简单且快速的 VH 中 17 种分析物的微萃取方法，使用软木片条进行萃取，并使用 96 孔板作为容器。此外，该方法系统可以为常规毒理学实验室实现自动化。