Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the main subtype of esophageal cancer, with 5-year survival rate less than 30%. In order to offer an individual therapeutic approach, it is necessary to identify novel prognostic factors to recognize high-risk patients. Given the high frequency of CCND1 abnormalities and the important biological effects of smoking in ESCC, we explored the potential relationship between CCND1 abnormalities and smoking in ESCC patients. CCND1 status was examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining in ESCC tissue microarrays (n=519). CCND1 amplification and cyclinD1 overexpression were found in 53.2% and 34.1% ESCC, respectively. CCND1 amplification (P=0.142 for DFS and P=0.191 for OS) and cyclinD1 overexpression (P=0.035 for DFS and P=0.092 for OS) tended to be poorer prognostic factors in all patients. Among smoking patients, those with CCND1 amplification had significantly poorer prognosis, with a median DFS and OS of 25.0 and 30.0 months compared to not reached and 52.0 months for those without CCND1 amplification (P=0.020 and 0.018). A similar trend was found in the 68 patients with cyclinD1 overexpression (P=0.043 and 0.048). Further univariate and multivariate analysis revealed CCND1 amplification was independently poorer prognostic factor in smoking patients, which was not found in non-smoking patients. Smokers with CCND1 amplification or cyclinD1 overexpression have poorer survival, which help us to identify distinct groups of patients with apparently poorer outcome and would enable appropriate follow-up and treatment strategies.

食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC）是食管癌的主要亚型，5年生存率不足30%。为了提供个体化治疗方法，有必要确定新的预后因素来识别高危患者。鉴于 ESCC 中 CCND1 异常的高频率以及吸烟的重要生物学效应，我们探讨了 ESCC 患者中 CCND1 异常与吸烟之间的潜在关系。通过 ESCC 组织微阵列中的荧光原位杂交和免疫组织化学染色检查 CCND1 状态 (n=519)。分别在 53.2% 和 34.1% 的 ESCC 中发现CCND1扩增和 cyclinD1 过表达。CCND1扩增（DFS P = 0.142， OS P = 0.191）和 cyclinD1 过表达（ DFS P = 0.035，OS P = 0.092）往往是所有患者的较差预后因素。在吸烟患者中，CCND1扩增的患者预后明显较差，中位 DFS 和 OS 分别为 25.0 和 30.0 个月，而未达到CCND1扩增的患者的中位 DFS 和 OS 为 52.0 个月（P = 0.020 和 0.018）。在 68 例 cyclinD1 过度表达的患者中也发现了类似的趋势（P = 0.043 和 0.048）。进一步的单变量和多变量分析显示，CCND1扩增是吸烟患者的独立较差预后因素，而在非吸烟患者中未发现这一点。CCND1扩增或 cyclinD1 过度表达的吸烟者的生存率较差，这有助于我们识别结果明显较差的不同患者群体，并有助于采取适当的随访和治疗策略。