The current state-of-the-art of nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors in flow injection (NBES-FI) platforms for in-line determination of environmental pollutants (since 2013 to mid-2023) is herein critically reviewed. The synergistic effects of FI platforms and nanomaterial-based modifiers, such as metal nanoparticles and carbon-based nanomaterials, for minimizing electrode fouling, alleviating overpotential, and boosting the overall figures of merit are discussed in detail. The role of experimental parameters including (i) the electrode nature, shape, design and configuration, (ii) the synthetic routes of (nano)materials, and (iii) the electrochemical detection technique on the analytical performance of NBES-FI is thoroughly evaluated. Current challenges and needs for real-world exploitation of NBES-FI in environmental settings are outlined along with perspectives for the integration of NBES-FI with microextraction approaches and the exploitation of 3D printing technology for fabrication of customized fluidic platforms.

本文对用于在线测定环境污染物的流动注射 (NBES-FI) 平台中当前最先进的基于纳米材料的电化学传感器（自 2013 年至 2023 年中期）进行了严格审查。详细讨论了 FI 平台和基于纳米材料的改性剂（例如金属纳米粒子和碳基纳米材料）的协同效应，以最大限度地减少电极污垢、减轻过电势和提高整体品质因数。彻底评估了实验参数的作用，包括（i）电极性质、形状、设计和配置，（ii）（纳米）材料的合成路线，以及（iii）电化学检测技术对 NBES-FI 分析性能的影响。