Background

24-h movement behavior (24-HMB) guidelines suggest that children and adolescents should limit screen time (ST), get an adequate amount of sleep (SL), and engage in a sufficient amount of physical activity (PA) to ensure optimal health. However, it is not fully understood how adherence to these 24-HMB guidelines apply specifically to visually impaired children and adolescents. To address this gap in the literature, a cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate potential associations between adherence to the 24-HMB guidelines and academic, social, and emotional outcomes among a national sample of visually impaired children and adolescents.

Methods

Data on movement behaviors (physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration) and specific outcome variables (academic performance, social function, and emotional function) were collected through caregiver-proxy reports (questionnaires completed by the caregivers of the visually impaired children and adolescents aged between 6 and 17 years). Logistic regressions were performed to examine the associations between the adherence to 24-HMB guidelines and academic, social, and emotional outcomes adjusting for covariates (e.g., age, sex, race, weight, birth status, household poverty level, and the caregiver's education level) and calculate the odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Among 907 visually impaired children and adolescents, only a small proportion adhered to all three 24-HMB guidelines (6.12%). The prevalence of adhering to the SL (33.16%) was higher than those participants meeting PA (3.68%) and ST guidelines (10.28%). As compared to participants who did not meet any of the three 24-HMB guidelines, adhering to: (1) PA + ST guidelines were linked to better academic performance; (2) PA + ST guidelines were linked to less social difficulties, and (3) SL + ST guidelines were linked to better emotional functioning.

Conclusion

Less than one-third of the visually impaired children and adolescents did meet one or more guidelines of the 24-HMB recommendations. Adhering to the 24-HMB guidelines, both alone and in an integrated manner, was linked to better academic performance, social relationships, and emotional functioning while visually impaired children and adolescents who adhered to PA + ST guidelines benefited the most. Our results suggest that the promotion of the 24-HMB guidelines among visually impaired children and adolescents might be an effective intervention strategy to promote academic, social, and emotional development among this unique group, although further research is necessary to empirically buttress this assumption.

中文翻译：

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美国视障儿童和青少年的 24 小时运动行为

背景

24小时运动行为（24-HMB）指南建议儿童和青少年应限制屏幕时间（ST）、获得充足的睡眠（SL）并进行足够的体力活动（PA）以确保最佳健康。然而，尚不完全了解如何遵守这些 24-HMB 指南特别适用于视障儿童和青少年。为了解决文献中的这一空白，进行了一项横断面研究，以调查全国视障儿童和青少年样本中遵守 24-HMB 指南与学业、社会和情感结果之间的潜在关联。

方法

通过照顾者代理报告（由视障儿童和青少年的照顾者完成的调查问卷）收集有关运动行为（体力活动、屏幕时间和睡眠持续时间）和特定结果变量（学习成绩、社交功能和情绪功能）的数据。年龄在 6 岁至 17 岁之间）。进行逻辑回归来检查对 24-HMB 指南的遵守与调整协变量（例如年龄、性别、种族、体重、出生状况、家庭贫困水平和护理人员的教育水平）的学业、社会和情感结果之间的关联）并计算 95% 置信区间 (CI) 的优势比。

结果

在 907 名视障儿童和青少年中，只有一小部分遵守所有三项 24-HMB 指南 (6.12%)。遵守 SL 的比例 (33.16%) 高于符合 PA (3.68%) 和 ST 指南 (10.28%) 的参与者。与不符合 3 个 24-HMB 指南中任何一个指南的参与者相比，遵守：（1）PA + ST 指南与更好的学业成绩相关；(2) PA + ST 指南与较少的社交困难有关，(3) SL + ST 指南与更好的情绪功能有关。

结论

不到三分之一的视障儿童和青少年确实符合 24-HMB 建议中的一项或多项准则。遵守 24-HMB 指南，无论是单独还是综合方式，都与更好的学业成绩、社会关系和情绪功能有关，而遵守 PA + ST 指南的视障儿童和青少年受益最多。我们的结果表明，在视障儿童和青少年中推广 24-HMB 指南可能是促进这一独特群体的学业、社交和情感发展的有效干预策略，尽管需要进一步的研究来实证支持这一假设。