Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a frequent malignancy with a high mortality rate. Specific inherited and environmental influences can affect CRC. Oncolytic viruses and bacteria in treating CRC are one of the innovative therapeutic options. This study aims to determine whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) infected with the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in combination with Lactobacillus casei extract (L. casei) have a synergistic effects on CRC cell line growth. MSCs taken from the bone marrow of BALB/c mice and were infected with the 20 MOI of NDV. Then, using the CT26 cell line in various groups as a single and combined treatment, the anticancer potential of MSCs containing the NDV and L. casei extract was examined. The evaluations considered the CT26 survival and the rate at which LDH, ROS, and levels of caspases eight and nine were produced following various treatments. NDV, MSCs-NDV, and L. casei in alone or combined treatment significantly increased apoptosis percent, LDH, and ROS production compared with the control group (P˂0.05). Also, NDV, in free or capsulated in MSCs, had anticancer effects, but in capsulated form, it had a delay compared with free NDV. The findings proved that L. casei primarily stimulates the extrinsic pathway, while NDV therapy promotes apoptosis through the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. The results suggest that MSCs carrying oncolytic NDV in combination with L. casei extract as a potentially effective strategy for cancer immunotherapy by promoting the generation of LDH, ROS, and apoptosis in the microenvironment of the CT26 cell line.

中文翻译：

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携带新城疫病毒的间充质干细胞和干酪乳杆菌提取物对 CT26 细胞系的抗增殖作用：癌症治疗中的协同作用

结直肠癌（CRC）是一种常见的恶性肿瘤，死亡率很高。特定的遗传和环境影响会影响 CRC。治疗结直肠癌的溶瘤病毒和细菌是创新的治疗选择之一。本研究旨在确定感染新城疫病毒 (NDV) 的间充质干细胞 (MSC) 与干酪乳杆菌提取物 (L. casei) 组合是否对 CRC 细胞系生长具有协同作用。取自 BALB/c 小鼠骨髓的 MSC，感染 20 MOI 的 NDV。然后，使用各组的CT26细胞系作为单一和联合治疗，检查含有NDV和干酪乳杆菌提取物的MSC的抗癌潜力。评估考虑了不同治疗后 CT26 的存活率以及 LDH、ROS 以及半胱天冬酶 8 和 9 的产生率。与对照组相比，NDV、MSCs-NDV和干酪乳杆菌单独或联合治疗显着增加细胞凋亡百分比、LDH和ROS产生（P˂0.05）。此外，游离的或封装在 MSC 中的 NDV 都具有抗癌作用，但封装形式的 NDV 与游离的 NDV 相比具有延迟作用。研究结果证明，干酪乳杆菌主要刺激外源性途径，而NDV治疗通过激活内源性和外源性凋亡途径来促进细胞凋亡。结果表明，携带溶瘤NDV的MSC与干酪乳杆菌提取物相结合，通过促进CT26细胞系微环境中LDH、ROS和细胞凋亡的产生，作为癌症免疫治疗的潜在有效策略。