The myriad applications of artificial intelligence (AI) by the private and public sectors have exploded in the public consciousness in the postpandemic period. However, researchers and businesses have been working on AI technology applications for decades, and in many ways, governments are rushing to catch up. This article presents an argument that the future of AI policy in the United States will be driven in large part by current and future state-level policy experiments. This argument is presented by drawing on scholarship surrounding federalism, regulatory fragmentation, and the effects of fragmentation on business and social equity. The article then presents the case of autonomous vehicle policy in the states to illustrate the degree of current fragmentation and considers the effects of layering new AI policies on top of existing rules surrounding privacy, licensing, and more. Following this consideration of existing research and its application of AI policy, the article presents a research agenda for leveraging state differences to study the effects of AI policy and develop a cohesive framework for governing AI.

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人工智能的未来在美国：自动驾驶汽车政策案例

疫情后时期，私营和公共部门对人工智能（AI）的大量应用在公众意识中呈爆炸式增长。然而，研究人员和企业几十年来一直致力于人工智能技术应用，在很多方面，政府都在急于迎头赶上。本文提出的论点是，美国人工智能政策的未来将在很大程度上由当前和未来的州级政策实验驱动。这一论点是通过围绕联邦制、监管碎片化以及碎片化对商业和社会公平的影响的学术研究提出的。然后，本文介绍了各州自动驾驶汽车政策的案例，以说明当前的碎片化程度，并考虑在围绕隐私、许可等的现有规则之上分层新的人工智能政策的影响。在考虑人工智能政策的现有研究及其应用之后，本文提出了一个研究议程，旨在利用国家差异来研究人工智能政策的影响并制定一个有凝聚力的人工智能治理框架。