This paper aims to explore transnational entrepreneurship, with a particular focus on the processes of exploring and exploiting opportunities across borders for female entrepreneurs in the modest fashion industry. Modest fashion (MF) -conservative and non-revealing clothing- provides an understudied and relevant research context in which it is possible to analyse the role of transnational communities and their culture, in addition to the role of religious values, in entrepreneurship and –more specifically- in female entrepreneurship. The study is based on multiple case studies of female transnational entrepreneurs (FTEs) in the modest fashion industry, using an exploratory and grounded research methodology. The findings illustrate that FTEs cope with their multi-layered identities and transform them into entrepreneurial opportunities. They leverage their transnational family and transnational community for international opportunities' exploration and exploitation, while they leverage the emergent transnational MF ecosystem for international opportunities' exploitation. This study contributes to studies on international entrepreneurship and, more specifically, sheds light on a less explored case of transnational entrepreneurship. For instance, it underlines the role of religious values in the process of transnational entrepreneurship, from the opportunity perspective. It also responds to recent calls for research in contextualising entrepreneurship by highlighting the role of cultural and gender variables in exploring and exploiting international opportunities across borders.

本文旨在探讨跨国创业，特别关注女性企业家在普通时尚行业探索和利用跨境机会的过程。适度时尚（MF）——保守和不暴露的服装——提供了一个经过充分研究的相关研究背景，在这个背景下，除了宗教价值观的作用之外，还可以分析跨国社区及其文化在创业和其他方面的作用。特别是在女性创业方面。该研究基于对普通时尚行业女性跨国企业家 (FTE) 的多个案例研究，采用了探索性和扎根的研究方法。研究结果表明，全职员工能够应对自己的多层次身份，并将其转化为创业机会。他们利用跨国家庭和跨国社区来探索和利用国际机会，同时利用新兴的跨国MF生态系统来利用国际机会。这项研究有助于国际创业研究，更具体地说，揭示了一个较少探索的跨国创业案例。例如，它从机会的角度强调了宗教价值观在跨国创业过程中的作用。它还通过强调文化和性别变量在探索和利用跨境国际机会中的作用来响应最近对创业精神进行情境化研究的呼吁。