There are two arsenical pyrite (As-FeS₂) mineralization zones cropping out in the Podwiśniówka and Wiśniówka Duża quarries where quartzites and quartzitic sandstones have been extracted for over a century. A large amount of pyrite in the Wiśniówka siliciclastics is unusual in the hard rock mining throughout the world. The pyritiferous beds contain a variety of REE-bearing minerals, including a crandallite series of aluminum-phosphate-sulfate (APS) minerals, e.g., predominant goyazite SrHAl₃[(PO₄)₂(OH)₆] with subordinate gorceixite BaHAl₃[(PO₄)₂(OH)₆] and very occasional crandallite CaHAl₃[(PO₄)₂(OH)₆]. By contrast, the other REE-phosphate minerals, e.g., xenotime YPO₄, bur particularly monazite CePO₄ occur in a lesser amount. Goyazite prevails somewhat in the Podwiśniówka beds whereas xenotime in the Wiśniówka Duża beds. Of the other REE-bearing minerals, bastnäsite REECO₃(F,OH), florencite (REE)Al₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆ and synchysite CaCe[CO₃]₂F occur in trace amounts. Interestingly, the quite common phosphate minerals, i.e., wavellite (Al₃[(OH,F)₃|(PO₄)₂]×5H₂O and variscite Al[PO₄]×2H₂O) are depleted in REEs with only Ce attaining 0.09 wt.% as documented by an electron-probe microanalysis. In contrast to quartzites/quartzitic sandstones, carbonaceous clayey-silty shales and bentonites/tuffites are distinctly enriched in REE-bearing minerals. This diversity is also mirrored in the mean total REE concentrations varying from 204 to 314 mg/kg, in clayey-silty shales and bentonites, attaining 457 mg/kg in some Podwiśniówka shale beds. Results of this and the previous petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical studies have indicated that REE-bearing minerals formed generally along with As-rich pyrite, nacrite/dickite and probably TiO₂ polymorphs as a result of multiphase hydrothermal vent activity that took place in the Wiśniówka Late Cambrian sedimentary basin. This evidence is also backed up by the values of LREE_NASC/HREE_NASC (1.44–1.75) and Eu/Eu_NASC (1.24–1.30) coefficients in the clayey-silty shales. This positive Eu anomaly (³1.20) points to the formation of REE-bearing minerals in a reducing environment.

Podwiśniówka 和 Wiśniówka Duża 采石场有两个砷黄铁矿 (As-FeS ₂ ) 矿化带，这里开采石英岩和石英岩砂岩已有一个多世纪的历史。Wiśniówka 硅质碎屑中含有大量黄铁矿，这在全世界硬岩开采中都是罕见的。黄铁矿层含有多种含稀土矿物，包括铁锰矿系列的铝磷酸盐硫酸盐 (APS) 矿物，例如，主要为菱沸石 SrHAl 3 [( _PO 4 ₎ 2 ₍ OH) ₆ ] 和次要的花黄石 BaHAl ₃ [ (PO ₄ ) ₂ (OH) ₆ ] 和极少数的铁红石 CaHAl ₃[(PO ₄ ) ₂ (OH) ₆ ]。相比之下，其他REE-磷酸盐矿物，例如磷钇矿YPO ₄，特别是独居石CePO ₄，以较少的量出现。Podwiśniówka 矿床中普遍存在戈雅石矿，而 Wiśniówka Duża 矿床中普遍存在磷钇矿。在其他含稀土矿物中，氟碳铈矿 REECO ₃ (F,OH)、萤石 (REE)Al ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂ (OH) ₆和合晶石 CaCe[CO ₃ ] ₂ F 均以微量存在。有趣的是，相当常见的磷酸盐矿物，即小波石（Al ₃ [(OH,F) ₃ |(PO ₄) ₂ ]×5H ₂ O 和磷铝石 Al[PO ₄ ]×2H ₂ O) 中的 REE 耗尽，仅 Ce 达到 0.09 wt.%（电子探针微量分析记录）。与石英岩/石英砂岩相比，碳质粘土-粉砂质页岩和膨润土/凝灰岩明显富含稀土矿物。这种多样性也反映在粘土粉质页岩和膨润土中 REE 总浓度从 204 到 314 毫克/千克不等，在一些 Podwiśniówka 页岩层中达到 457 毫克/千克。这项研究以及之前的岩相学、矿物学和地球化学研究的结果表明，含稀土矿物通常与富砷黄铁矿、珍珠陶土/地开石和可能的 TiO _{2一起形成}多晶型物是 Wiśniówka 晚寒武世沉积盆地发生的多相热液喷口活动的结果。这一证据也得到了粘土粉质页岩中LREE _NASAC /HREE _NASAC (1.44–1.75) 和 Eu/Eu _{NASAC (1.24–1.30) 系数值的支持。}这种正 Eu 异常 (³1.20) 表明在还原环境中形成了含稀土矿物。