Data on protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) increased exponentially in the last years due to the refinement of mass spectrometry techniques and the development of databases to store and share datasets. Nevertheless, these data per se do not create comprehensive biochemical knowledge. Complementary studies on protein biochemistry are necessary to fully understand the function of these PTMs at the molecular level and beyond, for example, designing rational metabolic engineering strategies to improve crops. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinases (PEPCKs) are critical enzymes for plant metabolism with diverse roles in plant development and growth. Multiple lines of evidence showed the complex regulation of PEPCKs, including PTMs. Herein, we present PEPCKs as an example of the integration of combined mechanisms modulating enzyme activity and metabolic pathways. PEPCKs studies strongly advanced after the production of the recombinant enzyme and the establishment of standardized biochemical assays. Finally, we discuss emerging open questions for future research and the challenges in integrating all available data into functional biochemical models.

中文翻译：

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整合酶活性的多种调控：磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶的案例

由于质谱技术的改进以及存储和共享数据集的数据库的发展，蛋白质翻译后修饰（PTM）的数据在过去几年呈指数增长。然而，这些数据本身并不能创造全面的生化知识。为了在分子水平及其他水平上充分了解这些 PTM 的功能，需要对蛋白质生物化学进行补充研究，例如设计合理的代谢工程策略来改良作物。磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶 (PEPCK) 是植物代谢的关键酶，在植物发育和生长中发挥着多种作用。多种证据表明 PEPCK 的复杂调节，包括 PTM。在此，我们将 PEPCK 作为调节酶活性和代谢途径的组合机制整合的一个例子。在生产重组酶和建立标准化生化检测方法后，PEPCKs 研究取得了巨大进展。最后，我们讨论了未来研究中出现的开放性问题以及将所有可用数据整合到功能生化模型中的挑战。