Anaerobic and microaerophilic environments are pervasive in nature, providing essential contributions to the maintenance of human health, biogeochemical cycles and the Earth's climate. These ecological niches are characterised by low free oxygen and oxidants, or lack thereof. Under these conditions, interactions between species are essential for supporting the growth of syntrophic species and maintaining thermodynamic feasibility of anaerobic fermentation. Kinetic models provide a simplified view of complex metabolic networks, while genome-scale metabolic models and flux-balance analysis (FBA) aim to unravel these systems as a whole. The target of this review is to outline the main similarities, differences and challenges associated with kinetic and metabolic modelling, and describe state-of-the-art modelling practices for studying syntrophies in the anaerobic digestion (AD) case study.

厌氧和微需氧环境在自然界中普遍存在，为维持人类健康、生物地球化学循环和地球气候做出了重要贡献。这些生态位的特点是游离氧和氧化剂含量低或缺乏。在这些条件下，物种之间的相互作用对于支持互养物种的生长和维持厌氧发酵的热力学可行性至关重要。动力学模型提供了复杂代谢网络的简化视图，而基因组规模代谢模型和通量平衡分析（FBA）旨在从整体上解开这些系统。本综述的目的是概述与动力学和代谢建模相关的主要相似点、差异和挑战，并描述用于研究厌氧消化 (AD) 案例研究中的互养的最先进的建模实践。