Impaired angiogenesis is one of the predominant reasons for non-healing diabetic wounds. Cobalt is well known for its capacity to induce angiogenesis by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and subsequently inducing the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In this study, Co-containing borate bioactive glasses and their derived fibers were fabricated by partially replacing CaO in 1393B3 borate glass with CoO. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses were performed to characterize the effect of Co incorporation on the glass structure, and the results showed that the substitution promoted the transformation of [BO₃] into [BO₄] units, which endow the glass with higher chemical durability and lower reaction rate with the simulated body fluid (SBF), thereby achieving sustained and controlled Co²⁺ ion release. In vitro biological assays were performed to assess the angiogenic potential of the Co-containing borate glass fibers. It was found that the released Co²⁺ ion significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration and tube formation of the Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) by upregulating the expression of angiogenesis-related proteins such as HIF-1α and VEGF. Finally. In vivo results demonstrated that the Co-containing fibers accelerated full-thickness skin wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model by promoting angiogenesis and re-epithelialization.

Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

---

含钴硼酸盐生物活性玻璃纤维用于治疗糖尿病伤口

血管生成受损是糖尿病伤口不愈合的主要原因之一。钴因其通过稳定缺氧诱导因子-1α (HIF-1α) 并随后诱导血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF) 的产生而诱导血管生成的能力而闻名。本研究通过用CoO部分替代1393B3硼酸盐玻璃中的CaO，制备了含Co硼酸盐生物活性玻璃及其衍生纤维。通过傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱和核磁共振（NMR）分析表征了Co掺入对玻璃结构的影响，结果表明取代促进了[BO 3 ]向[BO 4 _]单元_的转变，赋予玻璃更高的化学耐久性和与模拟体液（SBF）更低的反应速率，从而实现持续可控的Co ²⁺离子释放。进行体外生物学测定以评估含钴硼酸盐玻璃纤维的血管生成潜力。研究发现，释放的Co ²⁺离子通过上调HIF-1α和VEGF等血管生成相关蛋白的表达，显着增强人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）的增殖、迁移和管形成。最后。体内结果表明，含钴纤维通过促进血管生成和上皮细胞再生，加速了链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的糖尿病大鼠模型的全层皮肤伤口愈合。

图形概要