Striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum (F.) and spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber) are key pests of cucurbits. Pesticide applications directed against cucumber beetles can jeopardize bee pollination which is essential to crop yield. Alternative selective tactics, including behavioral control for managing cucumber beetles, are needed in order to improve pest management. The striped cucumber beetle pheromone vittatalactone is attractive to both male and female adults, and also to spotted cucumber beetles. We tested the response of both species to different doses of synthetic vittatalactone, and to different trap types, in field trapping experiments in Maryland. Both species showed strong dose–response in May–June and October 2020. Among 12 trap types tested during a 2-wk experiment in June, using 1 mg mixed vittatalactone, sticky panel traps caught the most of each species, with vittatalactone-baited traps exceeding unbaited traps by >8 fold for striped and >2 fold for spotted, and with significant response to yellow versus clear color absent in striped, but strong in spotted. Among nonsticky traps, those with yellow or yellow-green exceeded those without these colors for both beetle species, and a ground-placed boll weevil trap captured the most striped cucumber beetles. Bucket-style traps caught excessive nontarget bumblebees (Bombus spp.) if yellow, and a few beetles, if all green. Results allow field monitoring with a choice of sticky or nonsticky traps and suggested lure loading of 1 mg mixed vittatalactone, containing ~90 μg active isomer. These findings contribute to the development of multispecies behavioral monitoring and control as a component of cucurbit IPM.

中文翻译：

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剂量和诱捕器类型对使用合成 vittatalactone 捕获条纹和斑点黄瓜甲虫的影响

黄瓜条纹甲虫、Acalymma vittatum (F.) 和斑点黄瓜甲虫 (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber) 是葫芦科植物的主要害虫。针对黄瓜甲虫的杀虫剂应用可能会危及对作物产量至关重要的蜜蜂授粉。为了改善害虫管理，需要替代选择性策略，包括管理黄瓜甲虫的行为控制。条纹黄瓜甲虫信息素 vittatalactone 对雄性和雌性成虫都有吸引力，对斑点黄瓜甲虫也有吸引力。我们在马里兰州的田间诱捕实验中测试了这两个物种对不同剂量的合成维塔内酯和不同诱捕器类型的反应。这两个物种在 2020 年 5 月至 6 月和 10 月都表现出强烈的剂量反应。在 6 月份为期 2 周的实验中，使用 1 毫克混合 vittatalactone 测试了 12 种诱捕器类型，粘性面板诱捕器捕获了每个物种的大部分诱捕器，其中 vittatalactone 为饵诱捕器对于条纹，超过未诱饵诱捕器的8倍以上，对于斑点，超过2倍，并且对黄色有显着的响应，而条纹中不存在透明颜色，但对于斑点，反应强烈。在非粘性诱捕器中，对于两种甲虫物种来说，带有黄色或黄绿色的诱捕器都超过了没有这些颜色的诱捕器，而地面放置的棉铃象甲诱捕器捕获了条纹最多的黄瓜甲虫。如果是黄色，则桶式陷阱会捕获过多的非目标大黄蜂（Bombus spp.），如果全是绿色，则会捕获一些甲虫。结果允许通过选择粘性或非粘性诱捕器进行现场监测，并建议装载 1 mg 混合 vittatalactone（含有约 90 μg 活性异构体）的诱饵。这些发现有助于多物种行为监测和控制的发展，作为葫芦虫害综合治理的一部分。