Despite the documented increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from Southeast Asian peat swamp forest degradation and conversion to oil palm over recent decades, reliable estimates of emissions of nitrous oxide (N₂O) and methane (CH₄) are lacking. We measured soil fluxes of N₂O and CH₄ and their environmental controls along a peatland transition from primary forest (PF) to degraded drained forest (DF) to oil palm plantation (OP) over 18 months in Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia. Sampling was conducted monthly at all sites and more intensively following two fertilization events in the OP. Mean annual emissions of N₂O (kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) were 1.7 ± 0.2 for the PF, 2.3 ± 0.2 for the DF and for the OP 8.1 ± 0.8 without drainage canals (DC) and 7.7 ± 0.7 including DC. High N₂O emissions in the OP were driven by peat decomposition, not by N fertilizer addition. Mean CH₄ annual fluxes (kg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) were 8.2 ± 1.9 for the PF, 1.9 ± 0.4 for the DF, and 1.6 ± 0.3 for the OP with DC and 1.1 ± 0.2 without. Considering their 20-year global warming potentials (GWP), the combined non-CO₂ GHG emission (Mg CO₂-equivalent ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) was 3.3 ± 0.6 for the PF and 1.6 ± 0.2 for the DF. The emission in the OP (3.8 ± 0.3 with or without DC) was similar to the PF because reductions in CH₄ emissions offset N₂O increases. However, considering 100-year GWP, the combined non-CO₂ GHG emission was larger in the OP (3.4 ± 0.3 with DC and 3.5 ± 0.3 without) compared to both the PF and the DF (1.5 ± 0.2 and 1.2 ± 0.1, respectively). The increase in peat N₂O emissions associated with the land-use change transition from primary forest to oil palm plantation at our sites provides further evidence of the urgent need to protect tropical peat swamp forests from drainage and conversion.

尽管近几十年来东南亚泥炭沼泽森林退化和转化为油棕导致温室气体 (GHG) 排放量有所增加，但仍缺乏对一氧化二氮 (N 2 O) 和甲烷 (CH 4 ) 排放量的_可靠估计_。我们测量了印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛占碑市 18 个月内沿泥炭地从原始林 (PF) 到退化排水森林 (DF) 再到油棕种植园 (OP) 的土壤N ₂ O 和 CH _{4通量及其环境控制。}所有地点每月进行一次采样，并在 OP 的两次受精事件后进行更密集的采样。_{N 2} O年平均排放量(kg N ha ⁻¹  yr ⁻¹) PF 为 1.7 ± 0.2，DF 为 2.3 ± 0.2，无排水管 (DC) 的 OP 为 8.1 ± 0.8，包括 DC 为 7.7 ± 0.7。OP 中的高 N ₂ O 排放是由泥炭分解驱动的，而不是由氮肥添加驱动的。PF 的平均 CH ₄年通量（kg C ha ^-1  yr ^-1）为 8.2 ± 1.9，DF 为 1.9 ± 0.4，有 DC 的 OP 为 1.6 ± 0.3，无 DC 的 OP 为 1.1 ± 0.2。考虑到其 20 年全球变暖潜势 (GWP)，非 CO ₂温室气体排放总量（Mg CO _{2 -}当量 ha ^-1  yr ^-1) PF 为 3.3 ± 0.6，DF 为 1.6 ± 0.2。OP 中的排放（3.8 ± 0.3，有或没有 DC）与 PF 相似，因为 CH ₄排放量的减少抵消了 N ₂ O 的增加。_然而，考虑到 100 年 GWP，与 PF 和 DF 相比（1.5 ± 0.2 和 1.2 ± 0.1，分别）。与我们所在地的土地利用变化从原始森林向油棕种植园过渡相关的泥炭 N 2 O 排放量的增加进一步证明了迫切需要保护热带泥炭沼泽森林免遭排水和_转变。