Biotechnologists have pioneered the idea of an edible vaccination in recent years. Subunit vaccines, such as those used to create edible vaccines, involve the introduction of certain genes into transgenic plants, which are subsequently coaxed into producing the corresponding protein. Bananas, potatoes, legumes, lettuce, soybeans, corn, and rice are all examples of foods that fall under this category. They have a low unit cost, can be stored conveniently, and are simple to administer to patients of varying ages. There is great hope that the use of edible vaccinations, particularly in underdeveloped countries, could drastically reduce the prevalence of diseases, including measles, cholera, hepatitis B, and diarrhea. The development of effective and widely applicable edible vaccination, however, faces a number of technological and regulatory hurdles. When compared to traditional immunizations, edible vaccines offer significant cost savings, increased productivity, and reduced risk. It raises the possibility of a more efficient approach to illness prevention. This article includes important uses, production, host plants, benefits, drawbacks, mechanism of action, and many regulatory difficulties related to edible vaccines. In this article, we have discussed the most recent developments and successes with edible and intradermal vaccines in terms of the system used for immunogen production, the molecular properties of these vaccines, and their ability to generate a protective systemic and mucosal response.

中文翻译：

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转基因植物食用疫苗开发的最新进展和挑战

近年来，生物技术学家率先提出了可食用疫苗的想法。亚单位疫苗，例如用于制造可食用疫苗的疫苗，涉及将某些基因引入转基因植物，随后诱导转基因植物产生相应的蛋白质。香蕉、土豆、豆类、生菜、大豆、玉米和大米都属于此类食物。它们的单位成本低，可以方便地储存，并且易于对不同年龄的患者进行管理。人们非常希望使用食用疫苗，特别是在不发达国家，可以大大减少麻疹、霍乱、乙型肝炎和腹泻等疾病的流行。然而，开发有效且广泛适用的食用疫苗面临着许多技术和监管障碍。与传统免疫接种相比，食用疫苗可显着节省成本、提高生产率并降低风险。它提高了采取更有效的疾病预防方法的可能性。本文包括与可食用疫苗相关的重要用途、生产、宿主植物、优点、缺点、作用机制以及许多监管困难。在本文中，我们讨论了可食用疫苗和皮内疫苗在用于免疫原生产的系统、这些疫苗的分子特性以及它们产生保护性全身和粘膜反应的能力方面的最新进展和成功。