Aphids exhibit seasonally alternating asexual and sexual reproductive modes. Different morphs are produced throughout the life cycle. To evaluate morph-specific fitness during reproductive switching, holocyclic Sitobion avenae were induced continuously under short light conditions, and development and reproduction were compared in each morph. Seven morphs, including apterous and alate virginoparae, apterous and alate sexuparae, oviparae, males, and fundatrices, were produced during the life cycle. The greatest proportions of sexuparae, oviparae, males, and virginoparae were in the G1, G2, G3, and G4 generations, respectively. Regardless of asexual or sexual morphs, alate morphs exhibited a marked delay in age at maturity compared with that of apterous morphs. Among the alate morphs, males had the longest age at maturity, followed by sexuparae and virginoparae. Among the apterous morphs, sexuparae were older at maturity than the fundatrices, virginoparae, and oviparae. The nymphs of each morph had equal survival potentials. For the same wing morphs, apterous sexuparae and oviparae exhibited substantial delays in the pre-reproductive period and considerable reductions in fecundity, compared with those of apterous virginoparae and fundatrices, whereas alate sexuparae and alate virginoparae had similar fecundity. The seven morphs exhibited Deevey I survivorship throughout the life cycle. These results suggest that sexual production, particularly in males, has short-term development and reproduction costs. The coexistence of sexual and asexual morphs in sexuparae offspring may be regarded as an adaptive strategy for limiting the risk of low fitness in winter.

蚜虫表现出季节性交替的无性和有性生殖模式。在整个生命周期中会产生不同的形态。为了评估生殖转换过程中形态特异性的适应性，在短光条件下连续诱导全环Sitobion avenae，并比较每个形态的发育和繁殖。在生命周期中产生了七种形态，包括无翅和有翅的处女副体、无翅和有翅的有性副体、卵生体、雄性和基足体。有性生殖、卵生生殖、雄性和处女生殖的比例最大的分别是 G1、G2、G3 和 G4 代。无论无性或有性变种，有翼变种与无性变种相比，成熟年龄均显着延迟。在有翼变种中，雄性的成熟年龄最长，其次是有性生殖和处女生殖。在无性生殖体中，性生殖体的成熟年龄比基生殖体、处女生殖体和卵生体要早。每种变体的若虫具有相同的生存潜力。对于相同的翅型，与无翅处女生殖和足底生殖相比，无翅性生殖和卵生在生殖前期表现出显着延迟，并且繁殖力显着降低，而有翼性生殖和有翼处女具有相似的繁殖力。这七个变体在整个生命周期中都表现出了迪维一号的生存能力。这些结果表明，性生产，尤其是雄性，具有短期的发育和繁殖成本。有性后代中有性和无性形态的共存可能被视为限制冬季低适应性风险的适应性策略。