Background Anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors may impact long-term recovery. Coping and perception of symptoms may vary between sexes. The aim was to explore sex-differences in psychological consequences following OHCA. Methods Prospective observational study of OHCA survivors that attended structured three-month follow-up. Symptoms of anxiety/depression was measured using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), range 0-21, with a cut-off score of ≥8 for significant symptoms. PTSD were measured with the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), range 0-80. A score of ≥33 indicated PTSD-symptoms. Cognitive function was assessed by Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Results From 2016-2021, 381 consecutive comatose OHCA survivors were invited. Of these, 288 patients (76%) participated in the follow-up visit (53 (18%) females, out of 80 survivors and 235 (82%) out of 300 alive at follow-up (78%). Significant symptoms of anxiety were present in 47 (20%) males and 19 (36%) females, p=0.01. Significant symptoms of PTSD were present in 30% of males and 55% of females, p=0.01. Adjusting for prespecified covariates using multivariable logistic regression, the female sex as significantly associated with anxiety (odds ratio: 2.18, confidence interval: 1.09-4.38, p=0.03). This difference was especially pronounced among young females (below median age, odds ratioadjusted 3.31 CI 1.32-8.29, p=0.01), compared to young males. No sex-significant difference was observed for depression or cognitive function. Conclusions Symptoms of anxiety and PTSD are frequent in OHCA survivors, and female survivors report significantly more symptoms of anxiety, and PTSD compared to males. Especially, young females were significantly more symptomatic than young males.

中文翻译：

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院外心脏骤停幸存者焦虑、抑郁、创伤后应激障碍和认知功能症状的性别差异

背景 院外心脏骤停 (OHCA) 幸存者的焦虑、抑郁和创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 可能会影响长期康复。不同性别的应对方式和对症状的感知可能有所不同。目的是探讨 OHCA 后心理后果的性别差异。方法 对参加为期三个月的结构化随访的 OHCA 幸存者进行前瞻性观察研究。使用医院焦虑和抑郁量表 (HADS) 测量焦虑/抑郁症状，范围为 0-21，显着症状的截止分数≥8。PTSD 使用 DSM-5 (PCL-5) 的 PTSD 检查表进行测量，范围 0-80。得分≥33 表示有 PTSD 症状。认知功能通过蒙特利尔认知评估进行评估。结果 2016-2021 年，连续邀请了 381 名昏迷 OHCA 幸存者。其中，288 名患者 (76%) 参加了随访（80 名幸存者中有 53 名女性（18%），随访时 300 名幸存者中还有 235 名患者（82%）（78%）。 47 名 (20%) 男性和 19 名 (36%) 女性存在焦虑，p=0.01。30% 的男性和 55% 的女性存在 PTSD 的显着症状，p=0.01。使用多变量逻辑调整预先指定的协变量回归分析显示，女性与焦虑显着相关（比值比：2.18，置信区间：1.09-4.38，p=0.03）。这种差异在年轻女性中尤其明显（低于中位年龄，比值比调整后 3.31 CI 1.32-8.29，p =0.01），与年轻男性相比。抑郁或认知功能没有观察到性别显着差异。结论 OHCA 幸存者中焦虑和 PTSD 症状很常见，并且与男性相比，女性幸存者报告的焦虑和 PTSD 症状明显更多。尤其是，年轻女性的症状明显多于年轻男性。