Abstract

Ancient DNA analyses help to solve the problems related to the genogeographic origin and migration patterns of populations. The Khazar Khaganate is a subject of controversy among researchers. Its complex historical development, lack of a sufficient number of artistic and written sources, the disappearance of representatives of Khazar culture leaves open the question of the appearance of the Khazars. DNA phenotyping of bone remains from elite burials of the Khazar period of Southern Russia was carried out with respect to eye color, hair color, skin color, and AB0 blood groups. Eight out of 10 individuals had brown eyes, dark hair (to varying degrees), and a predominantly dark skin during their lifetime. Individuals from two burials had gray-blue eyes, and one individual had blond hair. The most probable AB0 blood group was identified in eight people, of which five blood group 0 (I) group, four had blood group A (II), and one had blood group B (III). The allele frequency distribution was assessed for ten population-specific autosomal markers and suggested high heterogeneity for the ethnogeographic origin of the Khazars examined. The results are evidence for ethnocultural, genetic, and phenotypic diversity of the Khazar Khaganate.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯南部可萨时期精英墓葬遗骸的 DNA 表型分析

摘要

古代DNA分析有助于解决与人口的地理起源和迁徙模式相关的问题。可萨汗国是研究人员争论的一个话题。其复杂的历史发展、缺乏足够数量的艺术和文字资料、可萨文化代表的消失，都留下了可萨人出现的问题。对俄罗斯南部可萨时期精英墓葬的骨骸遗骸进行了眼睛颜色、头发颜色、皮肤颜色和 AB0 血型的 DNA 表型分析。十分之八的人一生中拥有棕色眼睛、深色头发（不同程度的）和深色皮肤。两座墓葬中的人都有灰蓝色的眼睛，其中一人有金色的头发。在 8 人中鉴定出最可能的 AB0 血型，其中 5 人为 0 型血型 (I)，4 人为 A 型血型 (II)，1 人为 B 型血型 (III)。对十个人群特异性常染色体标记的等位基因频率分布进行了评估，并表明所检查的可萨人的民族地理起源具有高度异质性。这些结果是可萨汗国民族文化、遗传和表型多样性的证据。