A relatively well-known medieval Latin innovation is the doctrine of distributive supposition. This notion came to be used in syllogistic theory in the late medieval and early modern periods, as Latin logicians sought to establish general rules for syllogistic productivity across the various figures. It is much less well-known that some logicians in the medieval Arabic tradition also attempted to establish general rules for the syllogism, appealing to what they called “subject generality.” In the present article, I introduce this use of “subject generality” in some influential Arabic works on logic from the thirteenth century to the sixteenth, specifically Al-ǧumal by Afḍal al-Dīn al-Ḫūnaǧī (d. 1248) and Tahḏīb al-manṭiq by Saʿd al-Dīn al-Taftāzānī (d. 1390) and some of their commentators. I also compare this concept of “subject generality” to the Latin concept of “distribution.”

中文翻译：

---

中世纪阿拉伯语三段论中的“主题一般性”和分布

中世纪拉丁语的一个相对著名的创新是分配假设学说。这个概念在中世纪晚期和现代早期被用于三段论理论，因为拉丁逻辑学家试图为各种数字的三段论生产力建立一般规则。鲜为人知的是，中世纪阿拉伯传统的一些逻辑学家也试图建立三段论的一般规则，诉诸他们所谓的“主题普遍性”。在本文中，我介绍了 13 世纪至 16 世纪一些有影响力的阿拉伯逻辑著作中“主题普遍性”的使用，特别是阿尔乌马尔作者：Afḍal al-Dīn al-Ḫūnaǧī（卒于 1248 年）和塔赫卜·曼尼克通过萨ʿd al-Dīn al-Taftāzānī（卒于 1390 年）及其一些评论家。我还将“主题普遍性”的概念与拉丁语的“分布”概念进行了比较。