Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a T lymphocytes-mediated autoimmune disorder affecting pregnant women. The current study sought to determine the correlations between T helper-1 (Th1)/T helper-2 (Th2) cytokines and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T cell subsets and pregnancy outcomes in AITD patients during early pregnancy (T1), middle pregnancy (T2), late pregnancy (T3), and postpartum period (PP). A total of 60 patients with Graves’ disease, 60 patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and 30 healthy pregnant women were initially enrolled in the study. Thyroid hormones and antibodies, Th1 or Th2 cytokines, transforming growth factor-β, Tregs, CD4⁺ T helper cells (CD4⁺), CD8⁺ T helper cells (CD8⁺) levels were determined by means of Maglumi2000 automatic chemiluminescence instrument, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry. Our findings demonstrated higher IFN-γ and IL-2 levels, along with lower IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β, Treg, and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ levels in AITD patients during T1, T2, T3, and PP. Furthermore, the TGF-β, Treg, and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ levels were lower in the IFN-γ/IL-2 high expression group but higher in the IL-4/IL-10 high expression group. The IFN-γ and IL-2 levels were higher, while IL-4 and IL-10 level were lower in AITD patients with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Lastly, Th1 cytokines were higher and Th2 cytokines were lower in AITD patients and elicited correlation with Tregs and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ levels. Collectively, our findings highlighted that up-regulation of Th1 cytokines may increase the percentage of adverse pregnancy outcomes in AITD patients.

自身免疫性甲状腺疾病 (AITD) 是一种影响孕妇的 T 淋巴细胞介导的自身免疫性疾病。本研究旨在确定 AITD 患者妊娠早期 (T1)、中期 T 辅助细胞 1 (Th1)/T 辅助细胞 2 (Th2) 细胞因子、调节性 T 细胞 (Treg) 和 T 细胞亚群与妊娠结局之间的相关性。妊娠期（T2）、妊娠晚期（T3）和产后期（PP）。该研究最初招募了60名格雷夫斯病患者、60名桥本甲状腺炎患者和30名健康孕妇。甲状腺激素及抗体、Th1或Th2细胞因子、转化生长因子-β、Tregs、CD4 ⁺ T辅助细胞(CD4 ⁺ )、CD8 ⁺ T辅助细胞(CD8 ⁺ )水平采用Maglumi2000全自动化学发光仪、酶联免疫吸附测定仪测定。连锁免疫吸附测定和流式细胞术。我们的研究结果表明，AITD 患者在 T1、T2、T3 和 PP 期间，IFN-γ 和 IL-2 水平较高，而 IL-4、IL-10、TGF-β、Treg 和 CD4 + /CD8 ⁺水平^较低。此外，IFN-γ/IL-2高表达组中TGF-β、Treg和CD4 ⁺ /CD8 ⁺水平较低，而IL-4/IL-10高表达组中TGF-β、Treg和CD4 + /CD8 + 水平较高。妊娠结局不良的AITD患者IFN-γ和IL-2水平较高，而IL-4和IL-10水平较低。最后，AITD 患者中 Th1 细胞因子较高，Th2 细胞因子较低，并与 Tregs 和 CD4 ⁺ /CD8 ⁺水平相关。总的来说，我们的研究结果强调，Th1 细胞因子的上调可能会增加 AITD 患者不良妊娠结局的百分比。