Protective factors considered in this systematic review are characteristics of a child, family, or relationships within the family that decrease the probability of child maltreatment or abuse and can moderate or diminish negative outcomes associated with risk factors. The aim of this study is to critically appraise, compare, and summarize the methodological quality and psychometric properties of published research articles validating protective factor instruments related to children and adolescent characteristics and family strengths. A systematic search in ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed using the Consensus based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) risk of bias checklist. The constructs measured were diverse, with some patterns in validation of instrument where studies mainly focus on examining structural validity and internal consistency while other properties were less frequently examined. Results suggest that the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA) and the Protective Factors Survey (PFS) have the strongest psychometric evidence, followed by the Child and Adolescent Social Adaptive Functioning Scale (CASAFS), the Children's Emotional Adjustment Scale (CEAS), and the Parental Alliance Inventory (PAI). This study provides relevant information on the available psychometric properties of some protective factor instruments validated from 2010 to 2021, which may be useful for researchers in selecting appropriate instruments and identifying gaps in knowledge.

本系统评价中考虑的保护性因素是儿童、家庭或家庭内部关系的特征，这些特征可以降低儿童虐待或虐待的可能性，并可以减轻或减少与危险因素相关的负面结果。本研究的目的是批判性地评估、比较和总结已发表的研究文章的方法学质量和心理测量特性，这些研究文章验证了与儿童和青少年特征以及家庭优势相关的保护因素工具。使用基于共识的标准在 ProQuest、Scopus 和 Web of Science 中进行系统检索，以选择健康状况测量工具 (COSMIN) 偏倚风险检查表。测量的结构多种多样，工具验证中存在一些模式，其中研究主要集中于检查结构有效性和内部一致性，而其他属性则较少检查。结果表明，儿童和青少年情绪调节问卷（ERQ-CA）和保护因素调查（PFS）具有最强的心理测量证据，其次是儿童和青少年社会适应功能量表（CASAFS）、儿童情绪调节量表（ CEAS）和家长联盟清单（PAI）。本研究提供了 2010 年至 2021 年验证的一些保护因素工具的可用心理测量特性的相关信息，这可能有助于研究人员选择适当的工具和识别知识差距。