Purpose

While disparities in the treatment of individuals in the criminal justice system have been well-documented, due to varying political and legal contexts it is likely that disparities may differ for perpetrators of extremism. This research examines the effects of gender and mental health status on criminal justice outcomes of individuals who have been accused of committing ideologically motivated crimes in the United States.

Methods

Using the Extremist Crime Database (ECDB) and logistic and ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression models, this study estimates the effects of these individual characteristics on adjudication method and sentence length, and isolates pre/post-2001 time-periods.

Results

The findings suggest that women are more likely to plead guilty and receive shorter sentences, but time-period and the status of ‘terrorist’ is an important factor for the influence of gender. Additionally, mental health can lead to contrasting outcomes, depending on the circumstances.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the divergent treatment of extremist perpetrators, specifically noting that gender and mental health can be influential factors after controlling for ideology and other associated factors. Importantly, the findings suggest that the role of gender and mental health on legal outcomes maybe vary based on contextual factors that are shaped by policies specific to this crime type.

中文翻译：

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极端情况下的差异：性别和心理健康状况对极端分子刑事司法结果的影响

目的

虽然刑事司法系统中个人待遇的差异已有充分记录，但由于政治和法律背景不同，极端主义肇事者的差异可能会有所不同。这项研究探讨了性别和心理健康状况对在美国被指控犯有意识形态动机犯罪的个人刑事司法结果的影响。

方法

本研究利用极端主义犯罪数据库 (ECDB) 以及逻辑回归和普通最小二乘 (OLS) 回归模型，估计这些个体特征对判决方法和刑期长度的影响，并隔离 2001 年之前/之后的时间段。

结果

研究结果表明，女性更有可能认罪并获得较短刑期，但“恐怖分子”的时间段和身份是性别影响的重要因素。此外，根据具体情况，心理健康可能会导致截然不同的结果。

结论

这些发现凸显了对极端主义肇事者的不同对待，特别指出在控制意识形态和其他相关因素后，性别和心理健康可能是影响因素。重要的是，研究结果表明，性别和心理健康对法律结果的作用可能会根据针对该犯罪类型的特定政策所形成的背景因素而有所不同。