Aims. We aimed to determine whether plasma advanced glycation end products or oxidation products (AGE/oxidation-P) predict altered renal function and/or preeclampsia (PE) in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. Methods. Prospectively, using a nested case-control design, we studied 47 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes, of whom 23 developed PE and 24 did not. Nineteen nondiabetic, normotensive pregnant women provided reference values. In plasma obtained at ~12, 22, and 32 weeks’ gestation (visits 1, 2, and 3; V1-V3), we measured five AGE products (carboxymethyllysine (CML), carboxyethyl-lysine (CEL), methylglyoxal-hydroimidazolone (MGH1), 3-deoxyglucosone hydroimidazolone (3DGH), and glyoxal-hydroimidazolone (GH1)) and four oxidation products (methionine sulfoxide (MetSO), 2-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA), 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT), and dityrosine (DT)), by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Clinical outcomes were “estimated glomerular filtration rate” (eGFR) at each visit and onset of PE. Results. In diabetic women, associations between AGE/oxidation-P and eGFR were found only in those who developed PE. In this group, CEL, MGH1, and GH1 at V2 and CML, CEL, MGH1, and GH1 at V3 were inversely associated with contemporaneous eGFR, while CEL, MGH1, 3DGH, and GH1 at V2 were inversely associated with eGFR at V3 (all ). There were no associations of plasma AGE or oxidation-P with pregnancy-related development of proteinuria or PE. Conclusions. Inverse associations of second and early third trimester plasma AGE with eGFR among type 1 diabetic women who developed PE suggest that these patients constitute a subset susceptible to AGE-mediated injury and thus to cardiorenal complications later in life. However, AGE/oxidation-P did not predict PE in type 1 diabetic women.

中文翻译：

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1 型糖尿病孕妇的血浆 AGE 和氧化产物、肾功能和先兆子痫：一项前瞻性观察研究

目标。我们的目的是确定血浆晚期糖基化终末产物或氧化产物 (AGE/氧化-P) 是否可以预测 1 型糖尿病孕妇的肾功能改变和/或先兆子痫 (PE)。方法。我们采用巢式病例对照设计，前瞻性地研究了 47 名患有 1 型糖尿病的孕妇，其中 23 人患了 PE，24 人没有患 PE。十九名非糖尿病、血压正常的孕妇提供了参考值。在妊娠约 12、22 和 32 周（访问 1、2 和 3；V1-V3）获得的血浆中，我们测量了五种 AGE 产品（羧甲基赖氨酸 (CML)、羧乙基赖氨酸 (CEL)、甲基乙二醛-氢咪唑酮 ( MGH1)、3-脱氧葡萄糖酮氢咪唑酮 (3DGH) 和乙二醛-氢咪唑酮 (GH1)) 和四种氧化产物（蛋氨酸亚砜 (MetSO)、2-氨基己二酸 (2-AAA)、3-硝基酪氨酸 (3NT) 和二酪氨酸 ( DT))，通过液相色谱/质谱法。临床结果是每次就诊和 PE 发作时的“估计肾小球滤过率”(eGFR)。结果。在糖尿病女性中，仅在患有 PE 的女性中发现 AGE/氧化-P 与 eGFR 之间的关联。在该组中，V2 时的 CEL、MGH1 和 GH1 以及 V3 时的 CML、CEL、MGH1 和 GH1 与同期 eGFR 呈负相关，而 V2 时的 CEL、MGH1、3DGH 和 GH1 与 V3 时的 eGFR 呈负相关（所有）。血浆 AGE 或氧化 P 与妊娠相关的蛋白尿或 PE 的发生没有关联。结论。在发生 PE 的 1 型糖尿病女性中，妊娠中期和早期妊娠晚期血浆 AGE 与 eGFR 呈负相关，这表明这些患者构成了易受 AGE 介导损伤的亚群，因此在以后的生活中容易出现心肾并发症。然而，AGE/氧化-P 并不能预测 1 型糖尿病女性的 PE。