Nanoparticle-based vaccines offer a multivalent approach for antigen display, efficiently activating T and B cells in the lymph nodes. Among various nanoparticle design strategies, DNA nanotechnology offers an innovative alternative platform, featuring high modularity, spatial addressing, nanoscale regulation, high functional group density, and lower self-antigenicity. This review delves into the potential of DNA nanostructures as biomolecular scaffolds for antigen display, addressing: (1) immunological mechanisms behind nanovaccines and commonly used nanoparticles in their design, (2) techniques for characterizing protein NP–antigen complexes, (3) advancements in DNA nanotechnology and DNA–protein assembly approach, (4) strategies for precise antigen presentation on DNA scaffolds, and (5) current applications and future possibilities of DNA scaffolds in antigen display. This analysis aims to highlight the transformative potential of DNA nanoscaffolds in immunology and vaccinology.

中文翻译：

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DNA纳米结构作为抗原展示的生物分子支架

基于纳米颗粒的疫苗提供了一种多价抗原展示方法，可有效激活淋巴结中的 T 细胞和 B 细胞。在各种纳米颗粒设计策略中，DNA纳米技术提供了一个创新的替代平台，具有高模块化、空间寻址、纳米级调控、高官能团密度和较低的自身抗原性。这篇综述深入探讨了 DNA 纳米结构作为抗原展示生物分子支架的潜力，涉及：(1) 纳米疫苗及其设计中常用纳米粒子背后的免疫机制，(2) 表征蛋白质 NP-抗原复合物的技术，(3) 纳米疫苗和抗原复合物的进展DNA 纳米技术和 DNA-蛋白质组装方法，(4) DNA 支架上精确抗原呈递的策略，以及 (5) DNA 支架在抗原展示中的当前应用和未来可能性。该分析旨在强调 DNA 纳米支架在免疫学和疫苗学中的变革潜力。