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Interactions of gulf cordgrass, Spartina spartinae (Trin.) Merr. ex Hitchc., habitat with ixodids on the South Texas coastal plain
Environmental Systems Research Pub Date : 2023-08-11 , DOI: 10.1186/s40068-023-00311-w
Allan T. Showler

Many ixodid species on the South Texas coastal plain can transmit pathogens to their hosts. Substantial areas are dominated by gulf cordgrass, Spartina spartinae (Trin.) Merr. ex Hitch. The S. spartinae habitat was examined in terms of abiotic and biotic factors that likely impinge upon ixodids using the plant for questing. Natural enemies, temperature, humidity, and plant structure were investigated as possible mortality factors and improving ixodid survival. Spartina spartinae (soil and foliage) harbored few natural enemies of ixodids, and soil salinity was nonlethal. Conditions were cooler and more humid inside S. spartinae clumps than in the canopies; hence, questing ixodids can rehydrate inside the clump when threatened by desiccation. Leaves were mostly “V” shaped in cooler months and, during warm months, the tightly folded leaf slot predominated, into which larvae crawled. Immature ixodids were more abundant in the concave side of the “V”-shaped leaves than on the exposed convex side. Larvae sought refuge from potential lethal ambient air conditions by entering tight warm season leaf folds. The leaf “V” and fold offer opportunities for rehydration on the leaf without moving to the clump’s base. In addition to five other species collected on the grass, a relatively heavy larval southern cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini), population was detected, suggesting that abundances in the South Texas cattle fever tick eradication quarantine zone are increasing and might spread further into Texas.

中文翻译:

海湾绳草、大米草 (Spartina spartinae (Trin.) Merr.) 的相互作用。ex Hitchc.,德克萨斯州南部沿海平原上的 ixodids 栖息地

德克萨斯州南部沿海平原上的许多硬蜱物种都可以将病原体传播给宿主。大部分地区以海湾绳草、大米草 (Spartina spartinae (Trin.) Merr) 为主。前希奇。对大米草栖息地的非生物和生物因素进行了检查,这些因素可能会影响利用该植物进行探索的硬蜱。研究了天敌、温度、湿度和植物结构作为可能的死亡因素并提高了ixodid的存活率。大米草(土壤和叶子)很少有硬蜱的天敌,而且土壤盐分是非致命的。大米草丛内的条件比树冠内的条件更凉爽、更潮湿;因此,当受到干燥威胁时,探索ixodids可以在丛内补充水分。在凉爽的月份,叶子大多呈“V”形,在温暖的月份,紧密折叠的叶槽占主导地位,幼虫爬入其中。未成熟的ixodids在“V”形叶子的凹侧比暴露的凸侧更丰富。幼虫通过进入紧密的暖季叶褶来躲避潜在的致命环境空气条件。叶子的“V”形和褶皱为叶子提供了补水的机会,而无需移动到丛的底部。除了在草地上收集到的其他五个物种外,还检测到了一种相对较重的南牛热蜱幼虫——小扇头蜱(Canestrini),表明南德克萨斯州牛热蜱消灭检疫区的丰度正在增加,可能进一步传播到德克萨斯州。未成熟的ixodids在“V”形叶子的凹侧比暴露的凸侧更丰富。幼虫通过进入紧密的暖季叶褶来躲避潜在的致命环境空气条件。叶子的“V”形和褶皱为叶子提供了补水的机会,而无需移动到丛的底部。除了在草地上收集到的其他五个物种外,还检测到了一种相对较重的南牛热蜱幼虫——小扇头蜱(Canestrini),表明南德克萨斯州牛热蜱消灭检疫区的丰度正在增加,可能进一步传播到德克萨斯州。未成熟的ixodids在“V”形叶子的凹侧比暴露的凸侧更丰富。幼虫通过进入紧密的暖季叶褶来躲避潜在的致命环境空气条件。叶子的“V”形和褶皱为叶子提供了补水的机会,而无需移动到丛的底部。除了在草地上收集到的其他五个物种外,还检测到了一种相对较重的南牛热蜱幼虫——小扇头蜱(Canestrini),表明南德克萨斯州牛热蜱消灭检疫区的丰度正在增加,可能进一步传播到德克萨斯州。叶子的“V”形和褶皱为叶子提供了补水的机会,而无需移动到丛的底部。除了在草地上收集到的其他五个物种外,还检测到了一种相对较重的南牛热蜱幼虫——小扇头蜱(Canestrini),表明南德克萨斯州牛热蜱消灭检疫区的丰度正在增加,可能进一步传播到德克萨斯州。叶子的“V”形和褶皱为叶子提供了补水的机会,而无需移动到丛的底部。除了在草地上收集到的其他五个物种外,还检测到了一种相对较重的南牛热蜱幼虫——小扇头蜱(Canestrini),表明南德克萨斯州牛热蜱消灭检疫区的丰度正在增加,可能进一步传播到德克萨斯州。
更新日期:2023-08-11
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