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Infrared spectra of mixtures of heated and unheated clay: Solving an interpretational conundrum
Geoarchaeology ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2023-08-11 , DOI: 10.1002/gea.21976
Isaac Ogloblin Ramirez 1, 2 , Zachary C. Dunseth 3 , Dina Shalem 4 , Ruth Shahack‐Gross 1, 2
Affiliation  

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is frequently used for archaeological studies related to fire, allowing, among other things, researchers to distinguish between unheated and heated clay minerals. However, heat signatures are not always clear-cut in infrared spectra of bulk sediments, as spectra occasionally appear with ambiguous absorbance bands attributed to hydroxyl (OH) in clay minerals. This paper presents an experimental study addressing this interpretational problem by considering the effect of mixtures of heated and unheated clay, a phenomenon expected in archaeological sites. After creating experimental mixtures and testing them using bulk FTIR spectroscopy, our results indicate that even a relatively small amount of unheated clay—only ca. 5%–10% mixed into a fully heated deposit—will result in ambiguous infrared spectra that are difficult to interpret. For comparison, ambiguous bulk FTIR spectra from two archaeological contexts—an ashy fill within a pit installation and a hearth—were studied with FTIR microspectroscopy, which demonstrated the presence of unheated clay within a largely heated deposit. Micromorphological observations explain the mixed nature of the investigated archaeological contexts, in this case, primarily via bioturbation. Our results thus emphasize the importance of microcontextual analysis of clay minerals. Furthermore, these results indicate that heated deposits are likely missed altogether in some archaeological contexts where only bulk FTIR analyses have been conducted.

中文翻译:

加热和未加热粘土混合物的红外光谱:解决解释难题

傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 光谱经常用于与火相关的考古研究,除其他外,研究人员可以利用它来区分未加热和加热的粘土矿物。然而,大块沉积物的红外光谱中的热信号并不总是清晰的,因为光谱偶尔会出现归因于粘土矿物中羟基 (OH) 的模糊吸收带。本文提出了一项实验研究,通过考虑加热和未加热粘土混合物的影响(考古遗址中预期会出现这种现象)来解决这一解释问题。在创建实验混合物并使用本体 FTIR 光谱对其进行测试后,我们的结果表明,即使是相对少量的未加热粘土(仅约)。5%–10% 混合到完全加热的沉积物中,将导致难以解释的模糊红外光谱。为了进行比较,我们使用 FTIR 显微光谱技术研究了来自两个考古环境(坑装置内的灰烬填充物和炉膛)的模糊整体 FTIR 光谱,这表明在很大程度上加热的沉积物中存在未加热的粘土。微形态观察解释了所调查的考古环境的混合性质,在这种情况下,主要是通过生物扰动。因此,我们的结果强调了粘土矿物微观背景分析的重要性。此外,这些结果表明,在一些仅进行批量 FTIR 分析的考古环境中,加热的沉积物可能被完全忽略。使用 FTIR 显微光谱技术对来自两个考古环境(坑装置内的灰烬填充物和炉膛)的模糊整体 FTIR 光谱进行了研究,结果表明在很大程度上加热的沉积物中存在未加热的粘土。微形态观察解释了所调查的考古环境的混合性质,在这种情况下,主要是通过生物扰动。因此,我们的结果强调了粘土矿物微观背景分析的重要性。此外,这些结果表明,在一些仅进行批量 FTIR 分析的考古环境中,加热的沉积物可能被完全忽略。使用 FTIR 显微光谱技术对来自两个考古环境(坑装置内的灰烬填充物和炉膛)的模糊整体 FTIR 光谱进行了研究,结果表明在很大程度上加热的沉积物中存在未加热的粘土。微形态观察解释了所调查的考古环境的混合性质,在这种情况下,主要是通过生物扰动。因此,我们的结果强调了粘土矿物微观背景分析的重要性。此外,这些结果表明,在一些仅进行批量 FTIR 分析的考古环境中,加热的沉积物可能被完全忽略。微形态观察解释了所调查的考古环境的混合性质,在这种情况下,主要是通过生物扰动。因此,我们的结果强调了粘土矿物微观背景分析的重要性。此外,这些结果表明,在一些仅进行批量 FTIR 分析的考古环境中,加热的沉积物可能被完全忽略。微形态观察解释了所调查的考古环境的混合性质,在这种情况下,主要是通过生物扰动。因此,我们的结果强调了粘土矿物微观背景分析的重要性。此外,这些结果表明,在一些仅进行批量 FTIR 分析的考古环境中,加热的沉积物可能被完全忽略。
更新日期:2023-08-11
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