GBM, or glioblastoma multiforme, is a brain tumor that poses a great threat to both children and adults, being the primary cause of death related to brain tumors. GBM is often associated with epilepsy, which can be debilitating. Seizures and the development of epilepsy are the primary symptoms that have a severe impact on the quality of life for GBM patients. It is increasingly apparent that the nervous system plays an essential role in the tumor microenvironment for all cancer types, including GBM. In recent years, there has been a growing understanding of how neurotransmitters control the progression of gliomas. Evidence suggests that neurotransmitters and neuromodulators found in the tumor microenvironment play crucial roles in the excitability, proliferation, quiescence, and differentiation of neurons, glial cells, and neural stem cells. The involvement of neurotransmitters appears to play a significant role in various stages of GBM. In this review, the focus is on presenting updated knowledge and emerging ideas regarding the interplay between neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, such as glutamate, GABA, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, adenosine, and their relationship with GBM and the seizures induced by this condition. The review aims to explore the current understanding and provide new insights into the complex interactions between these neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the context of GBM-related seizures.

中文翻译：

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神经递质在多形性胶质母细胞瘤相关癫痫发作中的作用

GBM，或多形性胶质母细胞瘤，是一种对儿童和成人都构成巨大威胁的脑肿瘤，是与脑肿瘤相关的死亡的主要原因。GBM 通常与癫痫有关，癫痫会使人衰弱。癫痫发作和癫痫的发展是严重影响 GBM 患者生活质量的主要症状。越来越明显的是，神经系统在包括 GBM 在内的所有癌症类型的肿瘤微环境中发挥着重要作用。近年来，人们对神经递质如何控制神经胶质瘤的进展有了越来越多的了解。有证据表明，肿瘤微环境中发现的神经递质和神经调节剂在神经元、神经胶质细胞和神经干细胞的兴奋性、增殖、静止和分化中发挥着至关重要的作用。神经递质的参与似乎在 GBM 的各个阶段发挥着重要作用。在这篇综述中，重点是介绍关于神经递质和神经调节剂之间相互作用的最新知识和新想法，例如谷氨酸、GABA、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺、血清素、腺苷，以及它们与 GBM 和由这种情况引起的癫痫发作的关系。该综述旨在探讨目前的理解，并为 GBM 相关癫痫发作背景下这些神经递质和神经调节剂之间的复杂相互作用提供新的见解。