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Open Economy Neoclassical Growth Models and the Role of Life Expectancy
The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics ( IF 0.233 ) Pub Date : 2023-08-11 , DOI: 10.1515/bejm-2022-0163
Tselmuun Tserenkhuu 1 , Stephen Kosempel 1
Affiliation  

This paper applies the Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans (RCK) growth model to an open economy so that, when calibrated with standard parameter values that are commonly used in the small open economy macroeconomic literature, the time paths of the model variables and the speeds of convergence implied by the model conform with empirical evidence. Open-economy versions of the RCK growth model lead to several counterfactual conclusions including: infinite speeds of convergence for physical capital and output; and unbalanced consumption and asset growth. We avoid these undesired results by extending the baseline model with human capital, international credit constraints, and finite horizons. Given its finite-horizons feature, our model allows us to study the growth implications of changes in life expectancy from the perspective of an open economy, as most of the existing theoretical-quantitative literature that focus on the relationship assumes a closed economy. The model predicts that increased life expectancy has positive but diminishing marginal effect on long-run output per capita. We find that, between 1960 and 2018, improvements in average life expectancy at birth raised long-run output per capita in sub-Saharan Africa, the OECD region, and Canada by an estimated 57.49 %, 14.94 %, and 11.58 %, respectively. In addition, if average life expectancy at birth in sub-Saharan African countries converges from its current level to the level in their OECD counterparts, the region’s long-run output per capita will increase by an estimated 22.89 %.

中文翻译:

开放经济新古典增长模型和预期寿命的作用

本文将拉姆齐-卡斯-库普曼斯(RCK)增长模型应用于开放经济,以便在使用小型开放经济宏观经济文献中常用的标准参数值进行校准时,模型变量的时间路径和增长速度模型暗示的收敛性符合经验证据。RCK 增长模型的开放经济版本得出了几个反事实的结论,包括: 物质资本和产出的收敛速度无限;消费和资产增长不平衡。我们通过利用人力资本、国际信贷约束和有限视野扩展基线模型来避免这些不良结果。鉴于其有限视野的特征,我们的模型使我们能够从开放经济的角度研究预期寿命变化对增长的影响,因为大多数关注这种关系的现有理论定量文献都假设封闭经济。该模型预测,预期寿命的延长对长期人均产出具有积极但递减的边际效应。我们发现,1960 年至 2018 年间,出生时平均预期寿命的提高使撒哈拉以南非洲、经合组织地区和加拿大的长期人均产出分别提高了约 57.49%、14.94% 和 11.58%。此外,如果撒哈拉以南非洲国家的出生时平均预期寿命从目前的水平向经合组织国家的水平靠拢,该地区的长期人均产出预计将增加22.89%。该模型预测,预期寿命的延长对长期人均产出具有积极但递减的边际效应。我们发现,1960 年至 2018 年间,出生时平均预期寿命的提高使撒哈拉以南非洲、经合组织地区和加拿大的长期人均产出分别提高了约 57.49%、14.94% 和 11.58%。此外,如果撒哈拉以南非洲国家的出生时平均预期寿命从目前的水平向经合组织国家的水平靠拢,该地区的长期人均产出预计将增加22.89%。该模型预测,预期寿命的延长对长期人均产出具有积极但递减的边际效应。我们发现,1960 年至 2018 年间,出生时平均预期寿命的提高使撒哈拉以南非洲、经合组织地区和加拿大的长期人均产出分别提高了约 57.49%、14.94% 和 11.58%。此外,如果撒哈拉以南非洲国家的出生时平均预期寿命从目前的水平向经合组织国家的水平靠拢,该地区的长期人均产出预计将增加22.89%。分别为 49%、14.94% 和 11.58%。此外,如果撒哈拉以南非洲国家的出生时平均预期寿命从目前的水平向经合组织国家的水平靠拢,该地区的长期人均产出预计将增加22.89%。分别为 49%、14.94% 和 11.58%。此外,如果撒哈拉以南非洲国家的出生时平均预期寿命从目前的水平向经合组织国家的水平靠拢,该地区的长期人均产出预计将增加22.89%。
更新日期:2023-08-11
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