Abstract

The influence of climate parameters on evaporation during the period of active vegetation of plants in the forest-steppe, steppe, and semi-desert in the south of European Russia in the period 1980–2021 was studied. The linkage between evaporation and soil moisture have been considered. At the beginning of the growing season, the change in evaporation in the forest and steppe is largely determined by a positive linkage with temperature and wind stress. In the middle of the growing season, the role of precipitation and wind increases. From July, the linkage between evaporation and temperature becomes negative due to the increasing moisture deficit in the regions that are characterized by dry sub-humid and semi-arid climates. The linkage between evaporation and moisture content of the upper soil layer is negative at the beginning of the growing season with minimal evaporation from the still unheated soil cover in the forest-steppe and steppe, and is positive in the semi-desert due to already heated soil. From the middle to the end of the growing season the linkage between evaporation and soil moisture is positive from forest-steppe to semi-desert landscapes. At the beginning of the growing season, continued warming leads to an increase in evaporation; in the middle and at the end of the growing season, evaporation trends are significantly negative, since the lack of moisture at high temperatures leads to the drying of the soil cover and premature withering of vegetation. The greatest decrease in evaporation is observed in the steppe and dry steppe, which was affected by the drying up of the area with an increase in temperature, a decrease in the amount of precipitation and the average wind speed. Topsoil moisture trends are mostly negative throughout the south of European Russia, with the maximum moisture loss in the broad-leaved-forest and forest-steppe, which are more humid than dry-steppe and semi-desert. In the semi-desert, changes in soil moisture are minimal over the entire growing season.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯欧洲南部地区当前蒸发和土壤湿度变化的气候趋势

摘要

研究了1980—2021年俄罗斯欧洲部分南部森林草原、草原和半荒漠植物植被活跃期间气候参数对蒸发量的影响。已经考虑了蒸发和土壤湿度之间的联系。在生长季节开始时，森林和草原的蒸发变化很大程度上取决于与温度和风胁迫的正相关关系。在生长季节中期，降水和风的作用增强。从7月开始，由于干燥的半湿润和半干旱气候地区的水分亏缺不断增加，蒸发量与温度之间的联系变为负值。在生长季节开始时，上层土壤层的蒸发量和含水量之间的联系是负的，森林草原和草原中尚未加热的土壤覆盖物的蒸发量最小，而在半荒漠中，由于已经加热，蒸发量和含水量之间的联系是正的。土壤。从生长季节中期到末期，从森林草原到半沙漠景观，蒸发与土壤湿度之间存在正相关关系。在生长季节开始时，持续变暖导致蒸发量增加；在生长季节中期和末期，蒸发趋势显着为负，因为高温下缺乏水分会导致土壤干燥和植被过早枯萎。在草原和干燥草原观察到蒸发量的最大减少，受该地区气温升高、降水量和平均风速减少的干燥影响。整个俄罗斯欧洲部分南部的表土湿度趋势大多为负，其中阔叶林和森林草原的水分损失最大，它们比干燥草原和半沙漠更潮湿。在半沙漠地区，整个生长季节土壤湿度的变化很小。